Table of Contents
- 1. Changes in Emacs 24.5
- 2. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.5
- 2.1.
call-process-shell-command
andprocess-file-shell-command
no longer - 2.2. The option browse-url-firefox-startup-arguments no longer has an effect.
- 2.3. ERC
- 2.3.1. New option 「erc-rename-buffers」.
- 2.3.2. New faces 「erc-my-nick-prefix-face」 and 「erc-nick-prefix-face」.
- 2.3.3. 'erc-format-@nick' displays all user modes instead of only op and voice.
- 2.3.4. The display of irc commands in the current buffer has been disabled.
- 2.3.5. 「erc-version」 now follows the Emacs version.
- 2.4. Obsolete packages
- 2.1.
- 3. Installation Changes in Emacs 24.4
- 3.1. Emacs can now be compiled with ACL (access control list) support.
- 3.2. Emacs can now be compiled with file notification support.
- 3.3. Emacs can now be compiled with zlib support.
- 3.4. The configure option '–without-compress-info' has been generalized,
- 3.5. The configure option '–with-crt-dir' has been removed.
- 3.6. Directories passed to configure option '–enable-locallisppath' are
- 3.7. Emacs for Nextstep (OS X, GNUstep) can be built with ImageMagick support.
- 4. Startup Changes in Emacs 24.4
- 5. Changes in Emacs 24.4
- 5.1. Support for ACLs (access control lists).
- 5.2. Support for menus on text-mode terminals.
- 5.3. New option load-prefer-newer affects how the 'load' function chooses
- 5.4. Multi-monitor support
- 5.5. New function
zlib-decompress-region
, which decompresses gzip- and - 5.6. The Messages buffer is created in
messages-buffer-mode
, - 5.7. The cursor stops blinking after 10 blinks (by default) on X and Nextstep.
- 5.8. In keymaps where SPC scrolls forward, S-SPC now scrolls backward.
- 5.9. The default value of make-backup-file-name-function is no longer nil.
- 5.10. Help
- 5.11. Frame and window handling
- 5.11.1. New commands
toggle-frame-fullscreen
andtoggle-frame-maximized
, - 5.11.2. New hooks focus-in-hook, focus-out-hook.
- 5.11.3. The function
window-in-direction
now takes additional arguments - 5.11.4. Emacs can now change frame sizes in units of pixels, rather than
- 5.11.5. Emacs can now change window sizes in units of pixels.
- 5.11.6. The functions
window-body-height
andwindow-body-width
now never - 5.11.7. Emacs can now draw dividers between adjacent windows. To put
- 5.11.8. New functions to return the pixel sizes of window components, namely
- 5.11.9. The new function
window-text-pixel-size
returns the size of the - 5.11.10.
fit-window-to-buffer
can now resize windows in both dimensions. - 5.11.11.
fit-frame-to-buffer
now fits frames in both dimensions. The new - 5.11.12. Temp Buffer Resize Mode can now adjust the height and width of
- 5.11.13.
split-window
is now a non-interactive function, not a command. - 5.11.14. The functions
window-size
andwindow-total-size
now have an - 5.11.15.
window-state-put
now allows you to put a window state into internal - 5.11.16. New option scroll-bar-adjust-thumb-portion.
- 5.11.17. New display actions functions for
display-buffer
: - 5.11.18. New display action alist entry 「allow-no-window」 to indicate the
- 5.11.19.
display-buffer-in-previous-window
is now a member of
- 5.11.1. New commands
- 5.12. Lisp evaluation
- 5.13. cache-long-line-scans is now non-nil, and renamed to cache-long-scans,
- 5.14. emacs-bzr-version has been renamed to emacs-repository-version,
- 5.15. The default value of comment-use-global-state is now t,
- 5.16. write-region-inhibit-fsync now defaults to t in batch mode.
- 5.17. The option 「set-mark-default-inactive」 has been deleted.
- 6. Editing Changes in Emacs 24.4
- 6.1. Indentation
- 6.2. Uniquify is enabled by default, with 「post-forward-angle-brackets」 style.
- 6.3. New command 【C-x SPC】 (
rectangle-mark-mode
) makes a rectangular region. - 6.4. New option visual-order-cursor-movement.
- 6.5. New command
delete-duplicate-lines
. - 6.6. New command
cycle-spacing
acts like a smarterjust-one-space
. - 6.7. blink-matching-paren now only highlights the matching open-paren
- 6.8. The new function
fill-single-char-nobreak-p
can stop fill from breaking - 6.9. Registers
- 7. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.4
- 7.1. Backtrace and debugger
- 7.2. Battery information can now be retrieved from BSD's 'apm' utility.
- 7.3. In the Buffer Menu, 'M-s a C-o' shows matches for a regexp in marked buffers.
- 7.4. Calc
- 7.5. Calendar and Diary
- 7.6. CEDET
- 7.7. CFEngine mode
- 7.8. cl-lib
- 7.9. CUA mode
- 7.10. Delete Selection mode can now be used without Transient Mark mode.
- 7.11. Desktop
- 7.12. New Dired minor mode
dired-hide-details-mode
toggles whether details, - 7.13. You can enable ElDoc inside the
eval-expression
minibuffer with: - 7.14. Electric Pair mode
- 7.14.1. New option electric-pair-preserve-balance, enabled by default.
- 7.14.2. New option electric-pair-delete-adjacent-pairs, enabled by default.
- 7.14.3. New option electric-pair-open-newline-between-pairs, enabled by default.
- 7.14.4. New option electric-pair-skip-whitespace, enabled by default.
- 7.14.5. New variables control the pairing in strings and comments.
- 7.15. New EPA option 「epa-mail-aliases」.
- 7.16. New ERC option 「erc-accidental-paste-threshold-seconds」.
- 7.17. New ERT macro 「skip-unless」 allows skipping ERT tests.
- 7.18. Eshell
- 7.19. New F90 mode option 「f90-smart-end-names」.
- 7.20. New option 「gnutls-verify-error」, if non-nil, means that Emacs
- 7.21. Hi-Lock
- 7.22. Icomplete is now more similar to Ido.
- 7.22.1. Icomplete by default now applies to all forms of minibuffer completion.
- 7.22.2. You can navigate through and select completions using the keys
- 7.22.3. The string that separates potential completions is now a customizable
- 7.22.4. New face 「icomplete-first-match」; and new options
- 7.22.5. The option 「icomplete-show-key-bindings」 has been removed.
- 7.23. Ido
- 7.24. Image mode
- 7.25. New Imenu option imenu-generic-skip-comments-and-strings.
- 7.26. Info
- 7.27. JS Mode
- 7.28. MH-E has been updated to version 8.6 - see separate MH-E-NEWS file.
- 7.29. Octave mode
- 7.30. OPascal mode is the new name for Delphi mode
- 7.31. Package
- 7.31.1. The package library now supports digital signing of packages.
- 7.31.2. New option package-pinned-packages. This is useful if you have multiple
- 7.31.3. In the
list-packages
buffer, you can use 'f' (package-menu-filter
) - 7.31.4. In the
describe-package
buffer, there are now buttons listing the - 7.31.5. The format of 「archive-contents」 files, generated by package
- 7.32. In Prolog mode, 「prolog-use-smie」 has been removed,
- 7.33. Python mode
- 7.34. Remember
- 7.35. Rmail
- 7.36. Ruby mode
- 7.36.1. Improved syntax highlighting and indentation.
- 7.36.2. New
electric-indent-mode
integration. - 7.36.3. New option 「ruby-encoding-magic-comment-style」.
- 7.36.4. New option 「ruby-custom-encoding-magic-comment-template」.
- 7.36.5. New option 「ruby-align-to-stmt-keywords」.
- 7.36.6. New option 「ruby-align-chained-calls」.
- 7.36.7. More Ruby file types have been added to auto-mode-alist.
- 7.37. Search and Replace
- 7.37.1. New global command 'M-s .' (
isearch-forward-symbol-at-point
) - 7.37.2. 【C-x 8 RET】 in Isearch mode reads a character by its Unicode name
- 7.37.3. 【M-s i】 in Isearch mode toggles whether search matches invisible text.
- 7.37.4.
query-replace
skips invisible text when search-invisible is nil, - 7.37.5. A negative prefix argument of replacement commands replaces backward.
- 7.37.6. By default, prefix arguments do not now terminate Isearch mode.
- 7.37.7. More Isearch commands accept prefix arguments, namely
- 7.37.8. Word search now matches whitespace at the beginning/end
- 7.37.1. New global command 'M-s .' (
- 7.38. New SES command 「ses-rename-cell」 allows assignment of names to SES cells.
- 7.39. The shell.el option 「explicit-bash-args」 includes –noediting by default.
- 7.40. Shell Script mode
- 7.41. SMIE
- 7.42. SQL mode
- 7.43. New Term mode option 「term-suppress-hard-newline」.
- 7.44. Todo mode has been rewritten and enhanced.
- 7.44.1. Support for multiple todo files and archive files of done items.
- 7.44.2. Renaming, reordering, moving, merging, and deleting categories.
- 7.44.3. Sortable tabular summaries of categories and the item types they contain.
- 7.44.4. Cross-category lists of items filtered by specific criteria.
- 7.44.5. More fine-grained interaction with the Emacs diary, by being able to
- 7.44.6. Highly flexible new item insertion and item editing.
- 7.44.7. Moving items between categories, storing done items in their category
- 7.44.8. Reprioritizing items by inputting a numerical priority.
- 7.44.9. Extensive customizability of operation and display, including many faces.
- 7.45. Trace
- 7.46. Tramp
- 7.46.1. New connection method "adb", which allows to access Android
- 7.46.2. Handlers for
file-acl
andset-file-acl
for remote machines - 7.46.3. Handlers for
file-notify-add-watch
andfile-notify-rm-watch
- 7.46.4. The experimental url syntax for remote file names has been removed.
- 7.46.5. The connection methods "plink1", "ssh1", "ssh2", "scp1", "scp2",
- 7.47. New URL command
url-cookie-list
displays the current cookies, - 7.48. VC and related modes
- 7.49. VHDL mode
- 7.50. The Woman commands 「woman-default-faces」 and 「woman-monochrome-faces」
- 7.51. More packages look for ~/.emacs.d/<foo> additionally to ~/.<foo>.
- 7.52. Obsolete packages
- 7.52.1. iswitchb.el; use
icomplete-mode
. - 7.52.2. longlines.el; use
visual-line-mode
. - 7.52.3. meese.el.
- 7.52.4. sup-mouse.el.
- 7.52.5. terminal.el; use term.el instead.
- 7.52.6. the old version of todo-mode.el (renamed to otodo-mode.el).
- 7.52.7. xesam.el (owing to the cancellation of the XESAM project).
- 7.52.8. yow.el; use fortune.el or cookie1.el instead.
- 7.52.1. iswitchb.el; use
- 8. New Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.4
- 8.1. New package 'eww' provides a built-in web browser.
- 8.2. New package nadvice.el offers lighter-weight advice facilities.
- 8.3. New package frameset.el provides a set of operations to save a frameset
- 8.4. New package filenotify.el provides an interface for file system
- 8.5. New minor modes
prettify-symbols-mode
andglobal-prettify-symbols-mode
- 8.6. New minor mode
superword-mode
, which overrides the default word motion
- 9. Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.4
- 9.1. The default file coding for Emacs Lisp files is now utf-8.
- 9.2. Default process filters and sentinels are not nil any more.
- 9.3. Overlay priority does not have to be nil or a non-negative integer.
- 9.4. The cars of the elements in interpreter-mode-alist are now
- 9.5. overriding-terminal-local-map no longer replaces the local keymaps.
- 9.6.
kill-region
has lost its 「yank-handler」 optional argument. - 9.7. '(input-pending-p)' no longer runs other timers that are ready to run.
- 9.8. 'defvar' and 'defcustom' in a let-binding affect the "external" default.
- 9.9. The syntax of ?» and ?« is now punctuation instead of matched parens.
- 9.10.
read-event
does not always decode chars in ttys any more. As was the case - 9.11. In
symbol-function
, nil and "unbound" are indistinguishable. - 9.12. 'defadvice' does not honor the 'freeze' flag and cannot advise
- 9.13. 'dolist' no longer binds VAR while evaluating the RESULT form,
- 9.14. The return value of
backup-buffer
has changed. - 9.15. By default
copy-file
no longer copies file permission bits to an - 9.16.
visited-file-modtime
now returns -1 for nonexistent files. - 9.17. Frame-local variables that affect redisplay do not work any more.
- 9.18. In compiled Lisp files, the header no longer includes a timestamp.
- 9.19. The option 「inhibit-local-menu-bar-menus」 has been removed.
- 10. Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.4
- 10.1. Change to the Emacs Lisp coding conventions: the package descriptor
- 10.2. The second argument of 'eval' can now specify a lexical environment.
- 10.3. New macro
define-alternatives
can be used to define generic commands. - 10.4. Numeric comparison functions
, <, >, <
, >= can now take many arguments. - 10.5. New functions
special-form-p
and 'macrop'. - 10.6. New macro
with-eval-after-load
. - 10.7. If you give a symbol a 「defalias-fset-function」 property, 'defalias'
- 10.8. New variable enable-dir-local-variables.
- 10.9.
read-regexp
now uses the new variable read-regexp-defaults-function - 10.10. New functions
group-gid
andgroup-real-gid
. - 10.11. New function
get-pos-property
. - 10.12. New hook pre-redisplay-function.
- 10.13. byte-compile-interactive-only-functions is now obsolete.
- 10.14. New function
string-suffix-p
. - 10.15.
split-string
now takes an optional argument TRIM. - 10.16. New function
delete-consecutive-dups
. - 10.17. Completion
- 10.18. Encoding and decoding of text
- 10.19. Error-handling
- 10.20. Faces
- 10.20.1. Face specs set via Custom themes now replace the 'defface' spec
- 10.20.2. The function
face-spec-set
is now like 'setq' for face specs. - 10.20.3. New face spec attribute :distant-foreground
- 10.20.4. New function
add-face-text-property
, which can be used to - 10.20.5. New face characteristic (supports :underline (:style wave))
- 10.21. File-handling
- 10.21.1. Support for filesystem notifications.
- 10.21.2. The 9th element returned by
file-attributes
is now unspecified. - 10.21.3. The 6th argument to
copy-file
has been renamed to - 10.21.4. The function
file-ownership-preserved-p
now has an optional - 10.21.5. The function
set-visited-file-modtime
now accepts a 0 or -1 argument,
- 10.22. Image API
- 10.23. ImageMagick
- 10.24. Revert and Autorevert
- 10.24.1. If Emacs is compiled with file notification support, it uses notifications
- 10.24.2. The default values of buffer-stale-function, revert-buffer-function,
- 10.24.3. buffer-stale-function is now used for buffers visiting files too.
- 10.24.4. The new user option auto-revert-remote-files enables reversion
- 10.25. Terminal
- 10.26. Minor internal changes to the details of lock files.
- 10.27. New bool-vector set operation functions:
- 10.28. New library subr-x.el with miscellaneous small utility functions:
- 10.29. The
time-to-seconds
alias tofloat-time
is no longer marked obsolete. - 10.30. The spelling of the rx.el category 「chinese-two-byte」 has been
- 10.31. EIEIO namespace cleanup, obsolete-aliasing functions to use 'eieio-' prefix:
- 10.31.1. object-name -> eieio-object-name
- 10.31.2. object-class -> eieio-object-class
- 10.31.3. object-class-fast -> eieio–object-class
- 10.31.4. object-class-name -> eieio-object-class-name
- 10.31.5. object-name-string -> eieio-object-name-string
- 10.31.6. object-num-slots -> eieio–object-num-slots
- 10.31.7. object-set-name-string -> eieio-object-set-name-string
- 10.31.8. class-of -> eieio-object-class
- 10.31.9. class-name -> eieio-class-name
- 10.31.10. class-parent -> eieio-class-parent
- 10.31.11. class-parents -> eieio-class-parents
- 10.31.12. class-parents-fast -> eieio-class-parents-fast
- 10.31.13. class-children -> eieio-class-children
- 10.31.14. class-num-slots -> eieio–class-num-slots
- 10.31.15. class-precedence-list -> eieio-class-precedence-list
- 10.31.16. class-direct-subclasses -> eieio-class-children
- 10.31.17. class-direct-superclasses -> eieio-class-parents
- 10.32. Obsoleted functions
- 10.32.1. 'log10'
- 10.32.2.
dont-compile
- 10.32.3.
lisp-complete-symbol
- 10.32.4.
field-complete
- 10.32.5.
minibuffer-completion-contents
- 10.32.6.
isearch-nonincremental-exit-minibuffer
- 10.32.7.
isearch-filter-visible
- 10.32.8.
generic-make-keywords-list
- 10.32.9.
get-upcase-table
(usecase-table-get-table
instead).
- 10.33.
with-wrapper-hook
is obsoleted byadd-function
.
- 11. Changes in Emacs 24.4 on Non-Free Operating Systems
- 11.1. New Core Text based font backend for Mac OS X 10.5 and newer.
- 11.2. Improved fullscreen support on Mac OS X 10.7 and newer, where the
- 11.3. On Mac OS X 10.7 and newer, Emacs can use sRGB colorspace, and does so
- 11.4. The procedure for building Emacs on MS-Windows has changed.
- 11.5. Emacs on Windows 2000 and later can now access files and directories
- 11.6. Lock files now work on MS-Windows.
- 11.7. The "generate a backtrace on fatal error" feature now works on MS-Windows.
- 11.8. The
network-interface-list
andnetwork-interface-info
functions - 11.9. The variable 「buffer-file-type」 is no longer supported.
- 12. Installation Changes in Emacs 24.3
- 12.1. The default X toolkit is now Gtk+ version 3.
- 12.2. New configure option '–enable-link-time-optimization', to utilize
- 12.3. New configure option '–without-all' to disable most of the optional
- 12.4. New configure option '–enable-gcc-warnings' (for developing/debugging
- 12.5. The configure option '–enable-use-lisp-union-type' has been
- 12.6. The configure option '–disable-maintainer-mode' has been removed,
- 12.7. The configure options '–program-prefix', '–program-suffix', and
- 12.8. You can use 'NOBINLINK=t make install' to prevent the installation
- 12.9. Emacs uses libtinfo in preference to libncurses, if available.
- 12.10. On FreeBSD and NetBSD, configure no longer adds /usr/local/lib and
- 12.11. The standalone scripts 「rcs-checkin」 and 'vcdiff' have been removed
- 13. Startup Changes in Emacs 24.3
- 14. Changes in Emacs 24.3
- 14.1. Help
- 14.2. ImageMagick
- 14.3. Minibuffer
- 14.4. Mode line
- 14.5. Server and client
- 14.6. Emacs now generates backtraces on fatal errors.
- 14.7. 'C-x C-q' is now bound to the new minor mode
read-only-mode
. - 14.8. Most 'y-or-n' prompts now allow you to scroll the selected window.
- 14.9. In the Package Menu, newly-available packages are listed as "new",
- 14.10. If your Emacs was built from a repository checkout, the new variable
- 14.11. New option create-lockfiles specifies usage of lockfiles.
- 14.12. New option enable-remote-dir-locals, if non-nil, allows directory-local
- 14.13. The entry for PCL-CVS has been removed from the Tools menu.
- 14.14. Using "unibyte: t" in Lisp source files is obsolete.
- 14.15. In the buffer made by 'M-x report-emacs-bug', the 【C-c m】 binding
- 14.16. Internationalization
- 14.17. Nextstep (GNUstep / OS X) port
- 15. Editing Changes in Emacs 24.3
- 15.1. Search and Replace
- 15.2. Navigation commands
- 15.3. New option yank-handled-properties allows processing of text
- 15.4. New option delete-trailing-lines specifies whether
- 15.5. 'C-u M-=' now counts lines/words/characters in the entire buffer.
- 15.6. 【C-x 8 RET】 is now bound to
insert-char
, which is now a command. - 15.7. The 'z' key no longer has a binding in most special modes.
- 15.8. New command 'C-x r M-w' (
copy-rectangle-as-kill
). - 15.9. Registers
- 16. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.3
- 16.1. Common Lisp emulation (CL)
- 16.1.1. CL's main entry is now (require 'cl-lib).
- 16.1.2.
cl-flet
is not like 'flet' (which is deprecated). - 16.1.3.
cl-labels
is slightly different from 'labels'. - 16.1.4.
cl-letf
is not exactly like 'letf'. - 16.1.5. 'progv' was rewritten to use the 'let' machinery.
- 16.1.6. The following methods of extending 'setf' are obsolete
- 16.2. Diff mode
- 16.3. Ediff now uses the same color scheme as Diff mode.
- 16.4. Python mode
- 16.5. D-Bus
- 16.5.1. New variables 「dbus-compiled-version」 and 「dbus-runtime-version」.
- 16.5.2. The D-Bus object manager interface is implemented.
- 16.5.3. Variables of type :(u)int32 and :(u)int64 accept floating points,
- 16.5.4. The function 「dbus-call-method」 is now non-blocking.
- 16.5.5. Signals can also be sent as unicast messages.
- 16.5.6. The argument list of 「dbus-register-signal」 has been extended,
- 16.5.7. 「dbus-init-bus」 supports private connections.
- 16.5.8. There is a new function 「dbus-setenv」.
- 16.6. 「desktop-path」 no longer includes the "." directory.
- 16.7. Dired
- 16.7.1.
dired-do-async-shell-command
executes each file sequentially - 16.7.2. Typing 【M-n】 in the minibuffer of
dired-do-chmod
,dired-do-chgrp
, - 16.7.3. When the region is active, 'm' (
dired-mark
), 'u' (dired-unmark
), - 16.7.4. The minibuffer default for '=' (
dired-diff
) has changed. - 16.7.5. 'M-=' is no longer bound to
dired-backup-diff
in Dired buffers.
- 16.7.1.
- 16.8. ERC
- 16.9. reStructuredText mode
- 16.9.1. Keybindings (see 'C-c C-h'), TAB indentation, filling and auto-filling,
- 16.9.2. Support for 'imenu' and
which-function-mode
. - 16.9.3. The reStructuredText syntax is more closely covered.
- 16.9.4. 「rst-insert-list」 inserts new list or continues existing lists.
- 16.9.5. A negative prefix argument always works for 「rst-adjust」.
- 16.9.6. The window configuration is reset after displaying a TOC.
- 16.9.7. The constant 「rst-version」 describes the rst.el package version.
- 16.10. Ruby mode
- 16.11. Shell Script mode
- 16.12. VHDL mode
- 16.13. Apropos
- 16.14. Buffer Menu
- 16.15. Calc
- 16.16. Calendar
- 16.17. CEDET
- 16.18. Compile has a new option 「compilation-always-kill」.
- 16.19. Customize
- 16.20. Term
- 16.21. Tramp
- 16.22. URL
- 16.23. notifications.el supports now version 1.2 of the Notifications API.
- 16.24. Flymake uses fringe bitmaps to indicate errors and warnings.
- 16.25. The FFAP option 「ffap-url-unwrap-remote」 can now be a list of strings,
- 16.26. New Ibuffer 「derived-mode」 filter, bound to '/ M'.
- 16.27. New option 「mouse-avoidance-banish-position」 specifies where the
- 16.28. In Perl mode, new option 「perl-indent-parens-as-block」 causes non-block
- 16.29. In Proced mode, new command 「proced-renice」 renices marked processes.
- 16.30. New option async-shell-command-buffer specifies the buffer to use
- 16.31. SQL mode has a new option 「sql-db2-escape-newlines」.
- 16.32. New command
tabulated-list-sort
, bound to 'S' in Tabulated List mode - 16.33. 「which-func-modes」 now defaults to t, so Which Function mode, when
- 16.34. 「winner-mode-hook」 now runs when the mode is disabled, as well as when
- 16.35. Follow mode no longer works by using advice.
- 16.36. 「javascript-generic-mode」 is now an obsolete alias for
js-mode
. - 16.37. Hooks renamed to avoid obsolete "-hooks" suffix:
- 16.37.1. 「semantic-lex-reset-hooks」 -> 「semantic-lex-reset-functions」
- 16.37.2. 「semantic-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-change-functions」
- 16.37.3. 「semantic-edits-new-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-edits-new-change-functions」
- 16.37.4. 「semantic-edits-delete-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-edits-delete-change-functions」
- 16.37.5. 「semantic-edits-reparse-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-edits-reparse-change-functions」
- 16.37.6. 「semanticdb-save-database-hooks」 -> 「semanticdb-save-database-functions」
- 16.37.7. 'c-prepare-bug-report-hooks' -> 'c-prepare-bug-report-hook'
- 16.37.8. 「rcirc-sentinel-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-sentinel-functions」
- 16.37.9. 「rcirc-receive-message-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-receive-message-functions」
- 16.37.10. 「rcirc-activity-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-activity-functions」
- 16.37.11. 「rcirc-print-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-print-functions」
- 16.37.12. 「dbus-event-error-hooks」 -> 「dbus-event-error-functions」
- 16.37.13. 「eieio-pre-method-execution-hooks」 -> 「eieio-pre-method-execution-functions」
- 16.37.14. 「checkdoc-style-hooks」 -> 「checkdoc-style-functions」
- 16.37.15. 「checkdoc-comment-style-hooks」 -> 「checkdoc-comment-style-functions」
- 16.37.16. 「archive-extract-hooks」 -> 「archive-extract-hook」
- 16.37.17. 「filesets-cache-fill-content-hooks」 -> 「filesets-cache-fill-content-hook」
- 16.37.18. 「hfy-post-html-hooks」 -> 「hfy-post-html-hook」
- 16.37.19. 「nndiary-request-create-group-hooks」 -> 「nndiary-request-create-group-functions」
- 16.37.20. 「nndiary-request-update-info-hooks」 -> 「nndiary-request-update-info-functions」
- 16.37.21. 「nndiary-request-accept-article-hooks」 -> 「nndiary-request-accept-article-functions」
- 16.37.22. 「gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-hooks」 -> 「gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-functions」
- 16.38. Obsolete packages
- 16.1. Common Lisp emulation (CL)
- 17. Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.3
- 17.1. Docstrings starting with '*' no longer indicate user options.
- 17.2. The return values of 'defalias', 'defun' and 'defmacro' have changed,
- 17.3. 'random' by default now returns a different random sequence in
- 17.4. If the NEWTEXT arg to
replace-match
contains a substring "\?", - 17.5.
select-window
now always makes the window's buffer current. - 17.6. The function 'x-select-font' can return a font spec, instead of a
- 17.7.
face-spec-set
no longer sets frame-specific attributes when the - 17.8.
set-buffer-multibyte
now signals an error in narrowed buffers. - 17.9. The CL package's 「get-setf-method」 function no longer exists.
- 17.10. The arguments of 「dbus-register-signal」 are no longer just strings,
- 17.11. Miscellaneous name changes
- 17.12. Some obsolete functions, variables, and faces have been removed:
- 17.12.1. 「last-input-char」, 「last-command-char」, 「unread-command-char」
- 17.12.2. 「facemenu-unlisted-faces」
- 17.12.3. 「rmail-decode-mime-charset」
- 17.12.4. 「iswitchb-read-buffer」
- 17.12.5. 「sc-version」, 「sc-submit-bug-report」
- 17.12.6. 「set-char-table-default」
- 17.12.7. 「string-to-sequence」 (use
string-to-list
orstring-to-vector
) - 17.12.8. 「compile-internal」
- 17.12.9. 'modeline'
- 17.12.10. 「mode-line-inverse-video」
- 17.12.11. 「follow-mode-off-hook」
- 17.12.12. 「cvs-commit-buffer-require-final-newline」
- 17.12.13. 「cvs-changelog-full-paragraphs」
- 17.12.14. 「cvs-diff-ignore-marks」, 「cvs-diff-buffer-name」
- 17.12.15. 「vc-ignore-vc-files」 (use vc-handled-backends instead)
- 17.12.16. 「vc-master-templates」 (use vc-handled-backends instead)
- 17.12.17. 「vc-checkout-carefully」
- 18. Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.3
- 18.1. CL-style generalized variables are now in core Elisp.
- 18.2. Emacs tries to macroexpand interpreted (non-compiled) files during load.
- 18.3. New sampling-based Elisp profiler.
- 18.4. 'defun' also accepts a (declare DECLS) form, like 'defmacro'.
- 18.5. New macros
setq-local
anddefvar-local
. - 18.6. Face underlining can now use a wave.
- 18.7.
read-regexp
has a new argument HISTORY; the first argument PROMPT - 18.8. Completion
- 18.9. Debugger
- 18.10. Window handling
- 18.10.1. New command
fit-frame-to-buffer
adjusts the frame height to - 18.10.2. The command
fit-window-to-buffer
can adjust the frame height - 18.10.3. New macro
with-temp-buffer-window
, similar to - 18.10.4.
temp-buffer-resize-mode
no longer resizes windows that have been - 18.10.5. New option switch-to-buffer-preserve-window-point to restore a
- 18.10.6. New display action alist entries
window-height
andwindow-width
- 18.10.7. New display action alist entry 「pop-up-frame-parameters」, if
- 18.10.8. New display action alist entry 「inhibit-switch-frame」, if non-nil,
- 18.10.9. New display action alist entry
previous-window
, if non-nil, - 18.10.10. New display action functions
display-buffer-below-selected
, - 18.10.11. The functions
get-lru-window
,get-mru-window
andget-largest-window
- 18.10.12. Additional values recognized for option
window-combination-limit
. - 18.10.13. The following variables are obsolete, as they can be replaced by
- 18.10.1. New command
- 18.11. Time
- 18.12. EIEIO
- 18.13. Floating point functions now always return special values like NaN,
- 18.14. New fringe bitmap 「exclamation-mark」.
- 18.15. Miscellaneous changes to special forms and macros
- 18.16. Miscellaneous new functions
- 18.16.1.
set-temporary-overlay-map
sets up a temporary keymap that - 18.16.2. 'autoloadp' tests if its argument is an autoloaded object.
- 18.16.3.
autoload-do-load
performs the autoloading operation. - 18.16.4.
buffer-narrowed-p
tests if the buffer is narrowed. - 18.16.5.
file-name-base
returns a file name sans directory and extension. - 18.16.6.
function-get
fetches a function property, following aliases. - 18.16.7. 'posnp' tests if an object is a 'posn'.
- 18.16.8.
system-users
returns the user names on the system. - 18.16.9.
system-groups
returns the group names on the system. - 18.16.10.
tty-top-frame
returns the topmost frame of a text terminal.
- 18.16.1.
- 18.17. The following functions and variables are obsolete:
- 18.17.1. 「automount-dir-prefix」 (use directory-abbrev-alist)
- 18.17.2. 「buffer-has-markers-at」
- 18.17.3. 「macro-declaration-function」 (use macro-declarations-alist)
- 18.17.4. 「window-system-version」 (provides no useful information)
- 18.17.5. 「dired-pop-to-buffer」 (use
dired-mark-pop-up
) - 18.17.6. 「query-replace-interactive」
- 18.17.7. 「font-list-limit」 (has had no effect since Emacs < 23)
- 19. Changes in Emacs 24.3 on Non-Free Operating Systems
- 19.1. Cygwin builds can use the native MS Windows user interface.
- 19.2. Two new functions are available in Cygwin builds:
- 19.3. When invoked with the -nw switch to run on the Windows text-mode terminal,
- 19.4. On MS Windows Vista and later Emacs now supports symbolic links.
- 19.5. On MS Windows, you can pass '–without-libxml2' to configure.bat to omit
- 19.6. On OS X, the Nextstep port requires Mac OS X 10.4 or later.
- 19.7. On OS X, configure no longer automatically adds the Fink "/sw"
- 20. Changes in Emacs 24.2
- 21. Installation Changes in Emacs 24.1
- 21.1. Emacs can be compiled with Gtk+ 3.0 if you pass –with-x-toolkit=gtk3
- 21.2. Emacs can be compiled with GnuTLS support.
- 21.3. Emacs can be compiled with SELinux support.
- 21.4. Emacs can be compiled with ImageMagick support.
- 21.5. Emacs can be compiled with libxml2 support.
- 21.6. By default, the installed Info and man pages are compressed.
- 21.7. New configure option –with-wide-int.
- 21.8. New configure options: –with-mmdf, –with-mail-unlink, –with-mailhost.
- 21.9. New configure option –enable-use-lisp-union-type.
- 21.10. The standalone programs digest-doc and sorted-doc are removed.
- 21.11. The standalone program 'fakemail' is removed.
- 22. Startup Changes in Emacs 24.1
- 23. Changes in Emacs 24.1
- 23.1. Completion
- 23.1.1. Many packages now use the
completion-at-point
command, - 23.1.2.
completion-at-point
now handles tags and semantic completion. - 23.1.3. Completion in a non-minibuffer now tries to detect the end of completion
- 23.1.4. New option completion-cycle-threshold allows completion cycling.
- 23.1.5. New option completion-category-overrides for overriding the
- 23.1.6. New completion style 'substring'.
- 23.1.7. Completion of buffer names uses 'substring' completion by default.
- 23.1.8. The option 「widget-complete-field」 has been removed.
- 23.1.1. Many packages now use the
- 23.2. Mail changes
- 23.3. Emacs server and client changes
- 23.3.1. New option 「server-port」 specifies the port for TCP Emacs servers.
- 23.3.2. New emacsclient argument -q/–quiet suppresses some status messages.
- 23.3.3. New emacsclient argument –frame-parameters specifies the frame
- 23.3.4. If emacsclient shuts down due to Emacs signaling an error,
- 23.3.5. New emacsclient argument –parent-id ID.
- 23.4. Internationalization changes
- 23.4.1. Emacs now supports display and editing of bidirectional text.
- 23.4.2. Enhanced support for characters with no glyphs in available fonts,
- 23.4.3. New input methods for Farsi and Bulgarian
- 23.4.4. nobreak-char-display now also highlights Unicode hyphen chars
- 23.4.5. New Hebrew translation of the Emacs Tutorial.
- 23.5. An Emacs Lisp package manager is now included.
- 23.6. Custom theme changes
- 23.7. Improved GTK integration
- 23.7.1. GTK scroll-bars are now placed on the right by default.
- 23.7.2. GTK tool bars can have just text, just images or images and text.
- 23.7.3. GTK tool bars can be placed on any edge of the frame.
- 23.7.4. The default colors for selected text (the 'region' face) are taken
- 23.7.5. Emacs uses GTK tooltips by default if built with GTK.
- 23.8. Graphical interface changes
- 23.9. Exiting changes
- 23.10. Scrolling changes
- 23.10.1. New scrolling commands
scroll-up-command
andscroll-down-command
- 23.10.2. New option scroll-error-top-bottom (see above).
- 23.10.3. New scrolling commands
scroll-up-line
andscroll-down-line
- 23.10.4. New property 「scroll-command」 should be set on a command's symbol to
- 23.10.5. If you customize scroll-conservatively to a value greater than 100,
- 23.10.6. "Aggressive" scrolling now honors the scroll margins.
- 23.10.1. New scrolling commands
- 23.11. Basic SELinux support has been added.
- 23.12. Trash changes
- 23.13. File- and directory-local variable changes
- 23.14. Window changes
- 23.14.1. The
quit-window
command now restores the last buffer displayed - 23.14.2. Resizing an Emacs frame now preserves proportional window sizes,
- 23.14.3. The behavior of
display-buffer
is now customizable in detail. - 23.14.4. New option
window-combination-limit
. - 23.14.5. New option window-combination-resize.
- 23.14.6. New option frame-auto-hide-function lets you choose between
- 23.14.7. New commands
maximize-window
andminimize-window
. - 23.14.8. New commands
switch-to-prev-buffer
andswitch-to-next-buffer
.
- 23.14.1. The
- 23.15. Minibuffer changes
- 23.16. auto-mode-case-fold is now enabled by default.
- 23.17. backup-by-copying-when-mismatch now defaults to t.
- 23.18. New basic faces 'error', 'warning', 'success'.
- 23.19. New option list-colors-sort defines the color sort order
- 23.20. The variable focus-follows-mouse now always defaults to nil.
- 23.1. Completion
- 24. Editing Changes in Emacs 24.1
- 24.1. Search changes
- 24.2. New commands
count-words-region
andcount-words
. - 24.3. The command
just-one-space
(M-SPC), if given a negative argument, - 24.4. Deletion changes
- 24.5. Selection changes.
- 24.5.1. select-active-regions now defaults to t.
- 24.5.2. mouse-2 is now bound to
mouse-yank-primary
. - 24.5.3. 'x-select-enable-clipboard' now defaults to t on all platforms.
- 24.5.4. 'x-select-enable-primary' now defaults to nil.
- 24.5.5. To return to the previous behavior, do the following:
- 24.5.6. Support for X cut buffers has been removed.
- 24.5.7. X clipboard managers are now supported.
- 24.6. New command 【C-x r N】 (
rectangle-number-lines
) numbers the lines - 24.7. redisplay-dont-pause now defaults to t.
- 24.8. The behavior of <TAB> for active regions in Text mode has changed.
- 24.9. When 'occur' is called with a prefix argument, matching strings are
- 25. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.1
- 25.1. Archive Mode has basic support for browsing and updating 7z archives.
- 25.2. BibTeX mode
- 25.3. Browse-url
- 25.4. Calc
- 25.4.1. Support for musical notes.
- 25.4.2. Support for logarithmic units.
- 25.4.3. No longer uses the tex prefix for TeX specific unit names when
- 25.4.4. New option to highlight selections using faces.
- 25.4.5. 「calc-histogram」 has the option of using a vector to determine the bins.
- 25.4.6. New "O" option prefix.
- 25.4.7. Use the "O" prefix to "d r" (「calc-radix」) to turn on twos-complement mode.
- 25.5. Calendar, Diary, and Appt
- 25.5.1. Diary entries can contain non-printing "comments".
- 25.5.2. Appointments can specify their individual warning times.
- 25.5.3. The function specified by 「appt-disp-window-function」 may be passed
- 25.5.4. New function 「diary-hebrew-birthday」.
- 25.5.5. Elements of 「calendar-day-abbrev-array」 and 「calendar-month-abbrev-array」
- 25.5.6. The obsolete (since Emacs 22.1) method of enabling the appt
- 25.5.7. Some appt variables (obsolete since Emacs 22.1) have been removed:
- 25.5.8. Some diary function aliases (obsolete since Emacs 22.1) have been removed:
- 25.6. CC Mode
- 25.7. Comint and modes derived from it use the standard completion code.
- 25.8. Compilation mode
- 25.9. Customize
- 25.10. D-Bus
- 25.11. Dired-x
- 25.12. ERC changes
- 25.13. Eshell changes
- 25.14. gdb-mi
- 25.15. Image mode
- 25.16. Info
- 25.17. Mail mode changes (not Message mode)
- 25.18. MH-E has been updated to MH-E version 8.3.1.
- 25.19. Modula-2 mode provides auto-indentation.
- 25.20. mpc.el: Can use pseudo tags of the form tag1|tag2 as a union of two tags.
- 25.21. nXML mode no longer binds C-RET to
nxml-complete
. - 25.22. Org mode has been updated to version 7.8.09.
- 25.23. Prolog mode has been completely revamped, with lots of additional
- 25.24. Rmail
- 25.25. Shell mode
- 25.26. SMTPmail
- 25.27. SQL mode
- 25.27.1. New options 「sql-port」, 「sql-connection-alist」, 「sql-send-terminator」,
- 25.27.2. New options controlling prompting for login parameters.
- 25.27.3. The command
sql-product-interactive
now takes a prefix argument, - 25.27.4. Product-specific SQL interactive commands now take prefix arguments.
- 25.27.5. SQL interactive modes suppress command continuation prompts, and
- 25.27.6. New command
sql-connect
starts a predefined SQLi session, - 25.27.7. New "Save Connection" menu item in SQLi buffers.
- 25.27.8. New commands for listing database objects and details:
- 25.27.9. An API for manipulating SQL product definitions has been added.
- 25.28. TeX modes
- 25.29. Tramp
- 25.29.1. New inline access method "ksu" (kerberized su).
- 25.29.2. The following access methods are discontinued: "ssh1old",
- 25.29.3. The user option remote-file-name-inhibit-cache controls whether
- 25.29.4. The option 「ange-ftp-binary-file-name-regexp」 has changed its
- 25.29.5. Handlers for
file-selinux-context
andset-file-selinux-context
- 25.30. New function
url-queue-retrieve
, which behaves likeurl-retrieve
, - 25.31. VC and related modes
- 25.31.1. Support for pulling on distributed version control systems.
- 25.31.2.
vc-update
is now an alias forvc-pull
. - 25.31.3. Support for merging on distributed version control systems.
- 25.31.4. New option 「vc-revert-show-diff」 controls whether
vc-revert
- 25.31.5. Log entries in some Log View buffers can be toggled to display a
- 25.31.6. New command
vc-ediff
allows visual comparison of two revisions - 25.31.7. The option 「vc-initial-comment」 was removed in Emacs 23.2, but
- 25.31.8. 「vc-toggle-read-only」 is an obsolete alias for 「toggle-read-only」.
- 25.32. Obsolete modes
- 25.32.1. abbrevlist.el
- 25.32.2. erc-hecomplete.el (use erc-pcomplete.el instead)
- 25.32.3. partial-completion-mode (complete.el) is obsolete.
- 25.32.4. pc-mode.el is obsolete (CUA mode is much more comprehensive).
- 25.32.5. pgg is obsolete (use EasyPG instead).
- 25.32.6. sregex.el is obsolete, since rx.el is a strict superset.
- 25.32.7. s-region.el and pc-select.el are obsolete.
- 25.32.8. vc-mcvs.el is obsolete (for lack of a maintainer).
- 25.33. Miscellaneous
- 25.33.1. The Landmark game is now invoked with 'landmark', not 'lm'.
- 25.33.2. In 「ido-file-completion-map」, C-v is no longer bound to 「ido-toggle-vc」.
- 25.33.3. f90.el has some support for Fortran 2008 syntax.
- 25.33.4.
copyright-fix-years
can optionally convert consecutive years to ranges. - 25.33.5. New command
nato-region
converts text to NATO phonetic alphabet.
- 26. New Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.1
- 26.1. Occur Edit mode applies edits made in Occur buffers to the
- 26.2. New global minor mode
electric-pair-mode
. - 26.3. New global minor mode
electric-indent-mode
. - 26.4. New global minor mode
electric-layout-mode
. - 26.5. tabulated-list.el provides a generic major mode for tabulated data,
- 26.6. pcase.el provides the ML-style pattern matching macro 'pcase'.
- 26.7. secrets.el is an implementation of the Secret Service API, an
- 26.8. notifications.el provides an implementation of the Desktop
- 26.9. soap-client.el supports access to SOAP web services from Emacs.
- 26.10. New generic mode, xmodmap-generic-mode, for xmodmap files.
- 26.11. New emacs-lock.el package.
- 27. Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.1
- 27.1. Passing a nil argument to a minor mode function call now ENABLES
- 27.2. The return value of
backup-buffer
has changed. - 27.3. 「char-direction-table」 and the 「char-direction」 function were deleted.
- 27.4.
copy-directory
now copies the source directory as a subdirectory - 27.5. For mouse click input events in the text area, the Y pixel
- 27.6. Support for "old-style" backquotes, obsolete for 10+ years, has
- 27.7. The macro 「eval-at-startup」 was removed in Emacs 23.2, but this
- 27.8.
view-buffer
now treats special mode-class in the same way that - 27.9. Menu and tool bar changes
- 27.10. Regions created by mouse dragging are now normal active regions,
- 27.11. The fourth argument of
filter-buffer-substring
has been removed. - 27.12. cl.el no longer provides 「cl-19」.
- 27.13. The following obsolete functions and aliases have been removed
- 27.13.1. 「comint-kill-output」 (
comint-delete-output
) - 27.13.2. 「decompose-composite-char」 (
char-to-string
) - 27.13.3. 「outline-visible」 (「outline-invisible-p」)
- 27.13.4. 「internal-find-face」 ('facep')
- 27.13.5. 「internal-get-face」 ('facep' and
check-face
) - 27.13.6. 「frame-update-faces」 (not needed)
- 27.13.7. 「frame-update-face-colors」 (
frame-set-background-mode
) - 27.13.8. 'x-frob-font-weight' and 'x-frob-font-slant' ('make-face-*' functions)
- 27.13.9. 'x-make-font-bold' and 'x-make-font-demibold' (
make-face-bold
) - 27.13.10. 'x-make-font-italic' and 'x-make-font-oblique' (
make-face-italic
) - 27.13.11. 'x-make-font-bold-italic' (
make-face-bold-italic
) - 27.13.12. 'x-make-font-unbold' (
make-face-unbold
) - 27.13.13. 'x-make-font-unitalic' (
make-face-unitalic
) - 27.13.14. 「mldrag-drag-mode-line」 (
mouse-drag-mode-line
) - 27.13.15. 「mldrag-drag-vertical-line」 (
mouse-drag-vertical-line
) - 27.13.16. 「iswitchb-default-keybindings」 (
iswitchb-mode
) - 27.13.17. 「char-bytes」 (== 1)
- 27.13.18. 「isearch-return-char」 (
isearch-printing-char
) - 27.13.19. 「make-local-hook」 (not needed)
- 27.13.20. 「set-screen-height」 (
set-frame-height
) - 27.13.21. 「set-screen-width」 (
set-frame-width
)
- 27.13.1. 「comint-kill-output」 (
- 27.14. The following obsolete variables and varaliases have been removed
- 27.15. The following obsolete files were removed:
- 27.16. The format of the finder-inf.el file has changed, since the Finder
- 27.17. When generating autoloads,
update-directory-autoloads
no longer
- 28. Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.1
- 28.1. Code can now use lexical scoping by default instead of dynamic scoping.
- 28.1.1. 'eval' takes a new optional argument 'lexical' to choose the new lexical
- 28.1.2. Lexically scoped interpreted functions are represented with a new form
- 28.1.3. New macro 'letrec' to define recursive local functions.
- 28.1.4. 'defvar' and 'defconst' now mark the variable as special (dynamic).
- 28.1.5. New function
special-variable-p
to check whether a variable is - 28.1.6. The form ((lambda …) …) is deprecated.
- 28.2. An Emacs Lisp testing tool is now included.
- 28.3. Changes for bidirectional display and editing
- 28.4. Window changes
- 28.4.1. Window tree functions are accessible in Elisp.
- 28.4.2. window-total-height/-width vs window-body-height/-width.
- 28.4.3. Window parameters specific to window handling functions.
- 28.4.4. New semantics of third argument of
split-window
. - 28.4.5. Window resizing functions.
- 28.4.6. Deleting the selected window now selects the most recently selected
- 28.4.7.
adjust-window-trailing-edge
adjustments. - 28.4.8. Window-local buffer lists.
- 28.4.9.
switch-to-buffer
has a new optional argument FORCE-SAME-WINDOW, - 28.4.10.
split-window-vertically
andsplit-window-horizontally
renamed - 28.4.11. Display actions
- 28.4.12. New functions
window-state-get
andwindow-state-put
.
- 28.5. Completion
- 28.5.1. New variable completion-extra-properties used to specify extra
- 28.5.2. Functions on completion-at-point-functions can return any of the
- 28.5.3. 「completion-annotate-function」 is obsolete.
- 28.5.4. New 'metadata' method for completion tables. The metadata thus returned
- 28.5.5. 「minibuffer-local-filename-must-match-map」 is not used any more.
- 28.5.6. New variable completing-read-function allows overriding the
- 28.6. glyphless-char-display can now distinguish between graphical and
- 28.7. pre-command-hook/post-command-hook are not reset to nil on error.
- 28.8. New hook types
- 28.9. Debugger changes
- 28.10. The new function 「server-eval-at」 allows evaluation of Lisp forms on
- 28.11.
call-process
andcall-process-region
allow a '(:file "file")' spec - 28.12. The function
format-time-string
now supports the %N directive, - 28.13. New input reading functions
- 28.14. 「image-library-alist」 is renamed to dynamic-library-alist.
- 28.15. Syntax parsing changes
- 28.16. New hook post-self-insert-hook, run after
self-insert-command
. - 28.17. frame-local variables cannot be let-bound any more.
- 28.18. Major and minor mode changes
- 28.18.1.
set-auto-mode
now respects mode: local variables at the end of files, - 28.18.2.
prog-mode
is a new major mode from which programming modes - 28.18.3. New hook change-major-mode-after-body-hook, run by
- 28.18.4. Enabled globalized minor modes can be disabled in specific major modes.
- 28.18.5.
define-minor-mode
accepts new keywords :variable, :after-hook.
- 28.18.1.
- 28.19. File-handling changes
- 28.20. Tool-bars can display separators.
- 28.21. Image API
- 28.22.
compose-mail
now accepts an optional 8th arg, RETURN-ACTION, and - 28.23. XML and HTML parsing
- 28.24. Networking and encryption changes
- 28.25. Isearch
- 28.26. Progress reporters can now "spin".
- 28.27. New variable revert-buffer-in-progress-p is true while a buffer is
- 28.28. New variables delayed-warnings-list and delayed-warnings-hook.
- 28.29. rx.el has a new 「group-n」 construct for explicitly numbered groups.
- 28.30. New function
make-composed-keymap
that constructs a new keymap - 28.31. New function
string-prefix-p
. - 28.32. New reader macro ## that stands for the empty symbol.
- 28.33. New math functions 'isnan', 'copysign', 'frexp', 'ldexp'.
- 28.34. The following functions and variables are obsolete:
- 28.1. Code can now use lexical scoping by default instead of dynamic scoping.
- 29. Changes in Emacs 24.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
- 29.1. On MS Windows, Emacs warns when using the obsolete init file _emacs,
- 29.2. New configure.bat options
- 29.3. New make target 'dist' to create binary distribution for MS Windows.
- 29.4. The Lisp function 「w32-default-color-map」 is now obsolete.
- 29.5. Customize ns-auto-hide-menu-bar to have the menu-bar hidden, but
- 29.6. On Mac OS X, dragging a file into Emacs visits the file, like on
GNU Emacs NEWS – history of user-visible changes.
Copyright (C) 2010-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. See the end of the file for license conditions.
Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
This file is about changes in Emacs version 24.
See files NEWS.23, NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes in older Emacs versions.
You can narrow news to a specific version by calling view-emacs-news
with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
1. Changes in Emacs 24.5
1.1. This is mainly a bug-fix release, but there are some other changes.
1.2. The default value of history-length has increased to 100.
1.3. The variable redisplay-dont-pause is obsolete.
2. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.5
2.1. call-process-shell-command
and process-file-shell-command
no longer
take "&rest args".
2.2. The option browse-url-firefox-startup-arguments no longer has an effect.
2.3. ERC
2.3.1. New option 「erc-rename-buffers」.
2.3.2. New faces 「erc-my-nick-prefix-face」 and 「erc-nick-prefix-face」.
2.3.3. 'erc-format-@nick' displays all user modes instead of only op and voice.
2.3.4. The display of irc commands in the current buffer has been disabled.
2.3.5. 「erc-version」 now follows the Emacs version.
2.4. Obsolete packages
2.4.1. cc-compat.el
2.4.2. crisp.el (moved to elpa.gnu.org)
2.4.3. tpu-edt.el, ws-mode.el
These emulations of old editors are believed to be no longer relevant
- contact emacs-devel@gnu.org if you disagree.
2.4.4. vi.el, vip.el (try M-x viper instead)
3. Installation Changes in Emacs 24.4
3.1. Emacs can now be compiled with ACL (access control list) support.
This happens by default if a suitable support library is found at build time, like libacl on GNU/Linux. To prevent this, use the configure option '–disable-acl'. See below for the features this provides.
3.2. Emacs can now be compiled with file notification support.
This happens by default if a suitable system library is found at build time. To prevent this, use the configure option '–without-file-notification'. See below for file-notify features. This feature is not available for the Nextstep port.
3.3. Emacs can now be compiled with zlib support.
This happens by default if zlib is present, which it normally is.
To prevent this, use the configure option '–without-zlib'.
This provides the function zlib-decompress-region
; see below for details.
3.4. The configure option '–without-compress-info' has been generalized,
and renamed to '–without-compress-install'. It now prevents compression of any files during installation.
3.5. The configure option '–with-crt-dir' has been removed.
It is no longer needed, as the crt*.o files are no longer linked specially.
3.6. Directories passed to configure option '–enable-locallisppath' are
no longer created during installation.
3.7. Emacs for Nextstep (OS X, GNUstep) can be built with ImageMagick support.
This requires pkg-config to be available at build time.
4. Startup Changes in Emacs 24.4
4.1. When initializing load-path, an empty element in the EMACSLOADPATH
environment variable (either leading, e.g., ":/foo"; trailing, e.g., "/foo:"; or embedded, e.g., "/foo::/bar") is replaced with the default load-path (the one that would have been used if EMACSLOADPATH was unset). This makes it easier to extend the load-path via EMACSLOADPATH (previously, EMACSLOADPATH had to specify the complete load-path, including the defaults). (In older versions of Emacs, an empty element was replaced by ".", so use an explicit "." now if that is what you want.)
4.2. The -L option, which normally prepends its argument to load-path,
will instead append, if the argument begins with ':' (or ';' on MS Windows;
i.e., path-separator
).
4.3. If you use either site-load.el or site-init.el to customize the dumped
Emacs executable, any changes to load-path that these files make will no longer be present after dumping. To affect a permanent change to load-path, use the '–enable-locallisppath' option of 'configure'.
4.4. The user option initial-buffer-choice can now specify a function
to set up the initial buffer.
5. Changes in Emacs 24.4
5.1. Support for ACLs (access control lists).
This requires a suitable support library to be found at build time. On GNU/Linux, the POSIX ACL interface is used via libacl. On MS-Windows, the NT Security APIs are used to emulate the POSIX interface. ACLs are extended file attributes, used e.g. for finer-grained permissions.
5.1.1. Emacs preserves the ACL entries of files when backing up.
5.1.2. New functions file-acl
and set-file-acl
get and set file ACLs.
5.2. Support for menus on text-mode terminals.
If the terminal supports a mouse, clicking on the menu bar, or on sensitive portions of the mode line or header line, will drop down the menu defined at that position. Likewise, clicking C-mouse-1, C-mouse-2, or C-mouse-3 on the text area will pop up the menus defined for those locations.
If the text terminal does not support a mouse, you can activate the
first menu-bar menu by typing F10, which invokes menu-bar-open
.
If you want the previous behavior, where F10 invoked tmm-menubar
,
customize the option tty-menu-open-use-tmm to a non-nil value.
(Typing M-` always invokes tmm-menubar
, even if tty-menu-open-use-tmm
is nil.)
5.3. New option load-prefer-newer affects how the 'load' function chooses
the file to load. If this is non-nil, then when both .el and .elc versions of a file exist, and the caller did not explicitly specify which one to load, then the newer file is loaded. The default, nil, means to always load the .elc file.
5.4. Multi-monitor support
5.4.1. New functions display-monitor-attributes-list
and
frame-monitor-attributes
can be used to obtain information about
each physical monitor on multi-monitor setups.
5.4.2. The functions display-pixel-width
and display-pixel-height
now
behave consistently among the platforms: they return the pixel width
or height for all physical monitors associated with the given display
as if they were on X. To get information for each physical
monitor, use the new functions above. Similar notes also apply to
'x-display-pixel-width', 'x-display-pixel-height', display-mm-width
,
display-mm-height
, 'x-display-mm-width', and 'x-display-mm-height'.
5.5. New function zlib-decompress-region
, which decompresses gzip- and
zlib-format compressed data using built-in zlib support (if available).
5.6. The Messages buffer is created in messages-buffer-mode
,
a new major mode, with read-only status. Any code that might create
the Messages buffer should call the function messages-buffer
to do
so and set up the mode.
5.7. The cursor stops blinking after 10 blinks (by default) on X and Nextstep.
You can change the default by customizing blink-cursor-blinks.
5.8. In keymaps where SPC scrolls forward, S-SPC now scrolls backward.
This affects View mode, etc.
5.9. The default value of make-backup-file-name-function is no longer nil.
Instead it defaults to a function that does what the nil value used to.
5.10. Help
5.10.1. The command apropos-variable
is renamed to apropos-user-option
.
apropos-user-option
shows all user options, while apropos-variable
shows all variables. When called with a universal prefix argument,
the two commands swap their behaviors. When apropos-do-all is
non-nil, they output the same results.
5.10.2. The key '?' now describes prefix bindings, like 【C-h】.
5.10.3. The command describe-function
has been extended for EIEIO.
Running it on constructors will show a full description of the generated class. For generic functions, it will show all implementations together with links to the source. The old commands 「describe-class」, 「describe-constructor」 and 「describe-generic」 were removed.
5.10.4. The function 「quail-help」 is no longer an interactive command.
Use 'C-h C-\' (describe-input-method
) instead.
5.11. Frame and window handling
5.11.1. New commands toggle-frame-fullscreen
and toggle-frame-maximized
,
bound to <f11> and M-<f10>, respectively.
5.11.2. New hooks focus-in-hook, focus-out-hook.
These are normal hooks run when an Emacs frame gains or loses input focus.
5.11.3. The function window-in-direction
now takes additional arguments
for specifying a reference point, wrapping the selection around frame borders, and specifying ways to select the minibuffer window.
5.11.4. Emacs can now change frame sizes in units of pixels, rather than
text rows or columns. When maximizing a frame or making it fullscreen, remaining extra pixels are no longer given to the minibuffer, the rightmost fringe, or other unusable space, but are distributed among the text areas of the frame's windows. If the new option frame-resize-pixelwise is non-nil, all frame size changes happen pixelwise and set the corresponding size hints for the window manager.
5.11.5. Emacs can now change window sizes in units of pixels.
Mouse-dragging a mode line or window divider now changes the size of
adjacent windows pixelwise. If the new option window-resize-pixelwise
is non-nil, functions like balance-windows-area
and fit-window-to-buffer
resize windows pixelwise. Most functions for changing or accessing
window sizes now have an additional argument that allows changes to apply,
or values to be returned, in pixels instead of lines/columns.
5.11.6. The functions window-body-height
and window-body-width
now never
count partially visible lines or columns if called with a nil PIXELWISE argument.
5.11.7. Emacs can now draw dividers between adjacent windows. To put
dividers between side-by-side/vertically stacked windows customize the frame parameters 「right-divider-width」 and 「bottom-divider-width」 to some positive integer. You can drag dividers with the mouse (they show a corresponding cursor when the mouse hovers over them). You can change the appearance of dividers by customizing the faces 「window-divider」, 「window-divider-first-pixel」, and 「window-divider-last-pixel」. The last two are useful to provide a 3D effect, or to better distinguish dividers from surrounding display objects.
5.11.8. New functions to return the pixel sizes of window components, namely
window-scroll-bar-width
, window-mode-line-height
,
window-header-line-height
, window-right-divider-width
, and
window-bottom-divider-width
.
5.11.9. The new function window-text-pixel-size
returns the size of the
text of a window's buffer in pixels. This allows functions like
fit-frame-to-buffer
and fit-window-to-buffer
to accurately fit a
window to its buffer as it will be displayed.
5.11.10. fit-window-to-buffer
can now resize windows in both dimensions.
This behavior is controlled by the new option
fit-window-to-buffer-horizontally. The new option
fit-frame-to-buffer
allows you to fit the window's frame to its buffer.
5.11.11. fit-frame-to-buffer
now fits frames in both dimensions. The new
options fit-frame-to-buffer-margins and fit-frame-to-buffer-sizes control the size of the frame and its position on screen.
5.11.12. Temp Buffer Resize Mode can now adjust the height and width of
windows and frames. The new option temp-buffer-max-width allows you to
control the width of temporary buffer windows. Moreover, if the new
option fit-frame-to-buffer
is non-nil and the buffer appears in the
root window of a frame, Temp Buffer Resize Mode will try to adjust the
width and/or height of the frame.
5.11.13. split-window
is now a non-interactive function, not a command.
As a command, it was a special case of 【C-x 2】 (split-window-below
),
and as such superfluous. After being reimplemented in Lisp, its
interactive form was mistakenly retained.
5.11.14. The functions window-size
and window-total-size
now have an
optional argument to return a rounded size value.
5.11.15. window-state-put
now allows you to put a window state into internal
windows too.
5.11.16. New option scroll-bar-adjust-thumb-portion.
Available only on X, this option allows you to control over-scrolling using the scroll bar (i.e., dragging the thumb down even when the end of the buffer is visible).
5.11.17. New display actions functions for display-buffer
:
5.11.18. New display action alist entry 「allow-no-window」 to indicate the
caller of display-buffer
is ready to handle the case of not displaying
the buffer in a window.
5.11.19. display-buffer-in-previous-window
is now a member of
display-buffer-fallback-action.
5.12. Lisp evaluation
5.12.1. eval-defun
on an already defined defcustom calls the :set function,
if there is one.
5.12.2. The commands eval-expression
('M-:'), eval-last-sexp
('C-x C-e'),
and eval-print-last-sexp
(【C-j】 in Lisp Interaction mode) can take a
zero prefix argument. This disables truncation of lists in the output,
equivalent to setting '(eval-expression-)print-length' and
'(eval-expression-)print-level' to nil. Additionally, it causes integers
to be printed in other formats (octal, hexadecimal, and character).
5.12.3. New hook eval-expression-minibuffer-setup-hook run by
eval-expression
on entering the minibuffer.
5.13. cache-long-line-scans is now non-nil, and renamed to cache-long-scans,
because it affects caching of paragraph scanning results as well. There is no reason to set this to nil except for debugging purposes.
5.14. emacs-bzr-version has been renamed to emacs-repository-version,
and works for git too, if you fetch the repository notes.
5.15. The default value of comment-use-global-state is now t,
and this variable has been marked obsolete.
5.16. write-region-inhibit-fsync now defaults to t in batch mode.
5.17. The option 「set-mark-default-inactive」 has been deleted.
This unfinished feature was introduced by accident in Emacs 23.1; simply disabling Transient Mark mode does the same thing.
6. Editing Changes in Emacs 24.4
6.1. Indentation
6.1.1. electric-indent-mode
is now enabled by default.
Typing RET reindents the current line and indents the new line. 【C-j】 inserts a newline but does not indent. In some programming modes, additional characters are electric (eg '{').
6.1.2. New buffer-local electric-indent-local-mode
.
6.1.3. The behavior of 【C-x TAB】 (indent-rigidly
) has changed.
When invoked without a prefix argument, it now activates a transient mode in which typing <left>, <right>, <S-left>, and <S-right> adjusts the text indentation in the region. Typing any other key resumes normal editing behavior.
6.1.4. tab-stop-list is now implicitly extended to infinity by repeating
the last step. Its default value is changed to nil, which means a tab stop every tab-width columns.
6.2. Uniquify is enabled by default, with 「post-forward-angle-brackets」 style.
In other words, if you visit two files that have the same base name, then rather than creating buffers basename and basename<2>, Emacs uses basename<dirA> and basename<dirB>. To change this, customize uniquify-buffer-name-style. Set it to nil for the old behavior.
6.3. New command 【C-x SPC】 (rectangle-mark-mode
) makes a rectangular region.
Most commands are still unaware of it, but kill/yank do work on the rectangle.
6.4. New option visual-order-cursor-movement.
If this is non-nil, cursor motion with arrow keys will follow the visual order of characters on the screen: <left> always moves to the left, <right> always moves to the right, disregarding the surrounding bidirectional context.
6.5. New command delete-duplicate-lines
.
This searches the region for identical lines, and removes all but one copy of each repeated line. The lines need not be sorted.
6.6. New command cycle-spacing
acts like a smarter just-one-space
.
When called in succession, it cycles between spacing conventions: one space, no spaces, original spacing.
6.7. blink-matching-paren now only highlights the matching open-paren
by default, instead of moving the cursor. Set this variable to 'jump' to restore the old behavior.
6.8. The new function fill-single-char-nobreak-p
can stop fill from breaking
a line after a one-letter word, which is an error in some typographical conventions. To use it, add it to the fill-nobreak-predicate hook.
6.9. Registers
6.9.1. All interactive commands that read a register (copy-to-register
, etc.)
now display a temporary window after register-preview-delay seconds
that summarizes existing registers. To disable this, set that option to nil.
Interactive commands that read registers and want to make use of this
should use register-read-with-preview
to read register names.
6.9.2. New command frameset-to-register
bound to 【C-x r f】, replacing
frame-configuration-to-register
. It offers similar functionality,
plus enhancements like the ability to restore deleted frames.
(frame-configuration-to-register
still exists, but no longer has a
key binding.)
6.9.3. New command 'C-x C-k x' (「kmacro-to-register」) stores keyboard
macros in registers.
7. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.4
7.1. Backtrace and debugger
7.1.1. New Lisp debugger command 'v' (「debugger-toggle-locals」) toggles the
display of local variables of the current stack frame.
7.1.2. The Lisp debugger's 'e' command (「debugger-eval-expression」) now includes
the lexical environment when evaluating the code in the context at point (and so allows you to access lexical variables).
7.1.3. New minor mode jit-lock-debug-mode
helps you debug code run via JIT Lock.
7.2. Battery information can now be retrieved from BSD's 'apm' utility.
7.3. In the Buffer Menu, 'M-s a C-o' shows matches for a regexp in marked buffers.
7.4. Calc
7.4.1. Calc by default now uses the Gregorian calendar for all dates, and
uses January 1, 1 AD as its day number 1. Previously Calc used the Julian calendar for dates before September 14, 1752, and it used December 31, 1 BC as its day number 1; the new scheme is more consistent with Calendar's calendrical system and day numbering.
7.4.2. The new option 「calc-gregorian-switch」 lets you configure if
(and when) Calc switches from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar.
7.4.3. Support for ISO 8601 dates.
7.5. Calendar and Diary
7.5.1. New faces 「calendar-weekday-header」, 「calendar-weekend-header」,
and 「calendar-month-header」.
7.5.2. New option 「calendar-day-header-array」.
7.5.3. New variable 「diary-from-outlook-function」, used by the command
「diary-from-outlook」.
7.5.4. The variable 「calendar-font-lock-keywords」 is obsolete.
7.6. CEDET
7.6.1. EDE
- The cpp-root project now supports executing a compile command.
It can be set through the new :compile-command slot or the buffer-local variable compile-command.
- Better selection of include directories for the 'linux' project.
Include directories now support out-of-tree build directories and target architecture auto-detection.
7.6.2. Semantic
- Improved detection of used namespaces in current scope in C++.
- Parsing of default values for variables and function arguments in C/C++.
They are also displayed by the summarize feature in the mode line.
- Improved parsing of function pointers in C/C++.
This also includes parsing of function pointers as function arguments.
- Parsing of C/C++ preprocessor macros that open new scope.
For example, this enables parsing of macros that open new namespaces.
- Support for 'this' pointer in inline member functions in C++.
7.7. CFEngine mode
7.7.1. Support for completion, ElDoc, and Flycheck has been added.
7.7.2. The current CFEngine syntax is parsed from "cf-promises -s json".
There is a fallback syntax available if you don't have cf-promises or if your version doesn't support that option. See option 「cfengine-cf-promises」.
7.8. cl-lib
7.8.1. New macro cl-tagbody
.
This executes statements while allowing for control transfer to labels.
7.8.2. letf is now just an alias for cl-letf.
7.9. CUA mode
7.9.1. CUA mode now uses delete-selection-mode
and shift-select-mode.
Hence, you can now enable it independently from those modes, and from
transient-mark-mode
.
7.9.2. 「cua-highlight-region-shift-only」 is now obsolete.
You can disable transient-mark-mode
to get the same result.
7.9.3. CUA's rectangles can now be used without CUA by calling the command
cua-rectangle-mark-mode
.
7.10. Delete Selection mode can now be used without Transient Mark mode.
7.11. Desktop
7.11.1. desktop-save-mode
by default now auto-saves an existing desktop file
after desktop-auto-save-timeout. To disable this, customize that option to nil (or zero).
7.11.2. Desktop now saves and restores the frame/window configuration.
To disable this, set desktop-restore-frames to nil. See also related options 「desktop-restore-reuses-frames」, 「desktop-restore-in-current-display」, and 「desktop-restore-forces-onscreen」.
7.12. New Dired minor mode dired-hide-details-mode
toggles whether details,
such as file ownership or permissions, are visible in Dired buffers. See the new options dired-hide-details-hide-symlink-targets and dired-hide-details-hide-information-lines for customizing what to hide.
7.13. You can enable ElDoc inside the eval-expression
minibuffer with:
(add-hook 'eval-expression-minibuffer-setup-hook #'eldoc-mode) The results display in the mode line.
7.14. Electric Pair mode
7.14.1. New option electric-pair-preserve-balance, enabled by default.
If non-nil, pairing/skipping only kicks in when that help the balance of parentheses and quotes; i.e., the buffer should end up at least as balanced as before.
You can further control this behavior by adjusting the predicates stored in electric-pair-inhibit-predicate and electric-pair-skip-self.
7.14.2. New option electric-pair-delete-adjacent-pairs, enabled by default.
In electric-pair-mode
, the commands backward-delete-char
and
backward-delete-char-untabify
are now bound to electric variants
that delete the closer when invoked between adjacent pairs.
7.14.3. New option electric-pair-open-newline-between-pairs, enabled by default.
In electric-pair-mode
, inserting a newline between adjacent pairs
opens an extra newline after point, which is indented if
electric-indent-mode
is also set.
7.14.4. New option electric-pair-skip-whitespace, enabled by default.
This controls if skipping over closing delimiters should jump over any whitespace slack. Setting it to 'chomp' makes it delete this whitespace. See also the variable electric-pair-skip-whitespace-chars.
7.14.5. New variables control the pairing in strings and comments.
You can customize electric-pair-text-pairs and electric-pair-text-syntax-table to tweak pairing behavior inside strings and comments.
7.15. New EPA option 「epa-mail-aliases」.
You can set this to a list of email address aliases that epa-mail-encrypt
should use to find keys.
7.16. New ERC option 「erc-accidental-paste-threshold-seconds」.
If set to a number, this can be used to avoid accidentally pasting large amounts of data into the ERC input.
7.17. New ERT macro 「skip-unless」 allows skipping ERT tests.
7.18. Eshell
7.18.1. 'eshell' now supports visual subcommands and options.
Eshell has been able to handle "visual" commands (interactive, non-line oriented commands such as top that require display capabilities not provided by eshell) by running them in an Emacs terminal emulator. See 「eshell-visual-commands」.
This feature has been extended to subcommands and options that make a usually line-oriented command a visual command. Typical examples are "git log" and "git <command> –help", which display their output in a pager by default. See 「eshell-visual-subcommands」 and 「eshell-visual-options」.
7.18.2. New Eshell-Tramp module.
External su and sudo commands are now the default; the internal, Tramp-using variants can still be used by enabling the eshell-tramp module.
7.19. New F90 mode option 「f90-smart-end-names」.
7.20. New option 「gnutls-verify-error」, if non-nil, means that Emacs
should reject SSL/TLS certificates that GnuTLS determines as invalid. (This option defaults to nil at present, but this is expected to change in a future release.)
7.21. Hi-Lock
7.21.1. New global command 'M-s h .' (highlight-symbol-at-point
) highlights
the symbol near point.
7.21.2. New option hi-lock-auto-select-face. When non-nil, hi-lock commands
will cycle through faces in hi-lock-face-defaults without prompting.
7.22. Icomplete is now more similar to Ido.
7.22.1. Icomplete by default now applies to all forms of minibuffer completion.
The variable icomplete-with-completion-tables (now a user option) controls this. To restore the old behavior, set it back to '(internal-complete-buffer).
7.22.2. You can navigate through and select completions using the keys
from icomplete-minibuffer-map.
7.22.3. The string that separates potential completions is now a customizable
option (icomplete-separator). The default is " | " rather than ",".
7.22.4. New face 「icomplete-first-match」; and new options
icomplete-hide-common-prefix and icomplete-show-matches-on-no-input.
7.22.5. The option 「icomplete-show-key-bindings」 has been removed.
7.23. Ido
7.23.1. An Ido user manual is now included.
7.23.2. The option 「ido-use-virtual-buffers」 can now take the value 'auto'.
This means to use virtual buffers if the current ido input does not match an existing buffer.
7.23.3. The variable 「ido-decorations」 can optionally have two new elements,
which are the brackets to use around the sole remaining completion.
7.24. Image mode
7.24.1. New commands 'n' (image-next-file
) and 'p' (image-previous-file
)
visit the next image file and the previous image file in the same directory, respectively.
7.24.2. New commands to show specific frames of multi-frame images.
'f' (image-next-frame
) and 'b' (image-previous-frame
) visit the
next or previous frame. 'F' (image-goto-frame
) shows a specific frame.
7.24.3. New commands to speed up, slow down, or reverse animation.
'a +' (image-increase-speed
) and 'a -' (image-decrease-speed
) to
speed up and slow down the animation. 'a r' (image-reverse-speed
)
to reverse it and 'a 0' (image-reset-speed
) to reset it.
7.24.4. The command image-mode-fit-frame
deletes other windows.
When toggling, it restores the frame's previous window configuration. It also has an optional frame argument, which can be used by Lisp callers to fit the image to a frame other than the selected frame.
7.25. New Imenu option imenu-generic-skip-comments-and-strings.
7.26. Info
7.26.1. New Info face 「info-index-match」, used to highlight matches in index
entries displayed by 'Info-index-next', 'Info-virtual-index' and
info-apropos
.
7.26.2. The Info-edit command is obsolete. Editing Info nodes by hand
has not been relevant for some time.
7.27. JS Mode
7.27.1. New option js-switch-indent-offset.
7.27.2. Better indentation of multiple-variable declarations.
If a declaration spans several lines, variables on the following lines are lined up to the first one.
7.27.3. Recognition and better indentation of continuations in array comprehensions.
7.28. MH-E has been updated to version 8.6 - see separate MH-E-NEWS file.
7.29. Octave mode
7.29.1. Font locking for Texinfo comments and new keywords.
7.29.2. Completion in Octave file buffers.
7.29.3. ElDoc support.
7.29.4. Jump to definition.
7.29.5. Documentation lookup/search.
7.30. OPascal mode is the new name for Delphi mode
7.30.1. All delphi-* variables and functions have been renamed to opascal-*.
Obsolete aliases exist for those likely to have been used externally.
7.30.2. The option 「delphi-newline-always-indents」 has been removed.
Use electric-indent-mode
instead.
7.30.3. The TAB key runs the standard indent-for-tab-command
, not 「delphi-tab」.
7.31. Package
7.31.1. The package library now supports digital signing of packages.
Maintainers of package archives should consider signing their packages to enhance security.
7.31.2. New option package-pinned-packages. This is useful if you have multiple
archives enabled, with more than one offering a given package that you want.
7.31.3. In the list-packages
buffer, you can use 'f' (package-menu-filter
)
to filter the list of packages by a keyword.
7.31.4. In the describe-package
buffer, there are now buttons listing the
keywords related to the package. Click on a button to see other packages related to that keyword.
7.31.5. The format of 「archive-contents」 files, generated by package
repositories, has changed to allow a new (fifth) element in the data
vectors, containing an association list with extra properties.
(For example, describe-package
uses the ':url' extra property to
display a "Homepage" header.)
7.32. In Prolog mode, 「prolog-use-smie」 has been removed,
along with the non-SMIE indentation code.
7.33. Python mode
7.33.1. Out of the box support for CPython, iPython and readline based shells.
7.33.2. Automatic shell prompt detection. New user options:
7.33.3. Python shell support for remote hosts via tramp.
7.33.4. Correct display of line numbers for code sent to the Python shell.
7.34. Remember
7.34.1. The new command remember-notes
creates a buffer that is saved on exit.
You can use it as a more permanent scratch buffer.
7.34.2. Remember can now store notes in separate files.
To use this, add 「remember-store-in-files」 to the 「remember-handler-functions」 option. The files are saved in 「remember-data-directory」 using names specified by 「remember-directory-file-name-format」.
7.35. Rmail
7.35.1. Customize 「rmail-mbox-format」 to influence some minor aspects of
how Rmail displays non-MIME messages.
7.35.2. The 'unrmail' command now converts from BABYL to mboxrd format,
rather than mboxo. Customize 「unrmail-mbox-format」 to change this.
7.36. Ruby mode
7.36.1. Improved syntax highlighting and indentation.
7.36.2. New electric-indent-mode
integration.
7.36.3. New option 「ruby-encoding-magic-comment-style」.
7.36.4. New option 「ruby-custom-encoding-magic-comment-template」.
7.36.5. New option 「ruby-align-to-stmt-keywords」.
7.36.6. New option 「ruby-align-chained-calls」.
7.36.7. More Ruby file types have been added to auto-mode-alist.
7.37. Search and Replace
7.37.1. New global command 'M-s .' (isearch-forward-symbol-at-point
)
starts a symbol (identifier) incremental search forward with the symbol found near point added to the search string initially.
7.37.2. 【C-x 8 RET】 in Isearch mode reads a character by its Unicode name
and adds it to the search string.
7.37.3. 【M-s i】 in Isearch mode toggles whether search matches invisible text.
7.37.4. query-replace
skips invisible text when search-invisible is nil,
and opens overlays with hidden text when search-invisible is 'open'.
7.37.5. A negative prefix argument of replacement commands replaces backward.
'M– M-%' replaces a string backward, 'M– C-M-%' replaces a regexp backward, 'M-s w words M– M-%' replaces a sequence of words backward.
7.37.6. By default, prefix arguments do not now terminate Isearch mode.
Set isearch-allow-prefix to nil to restore the old behavior.
7.37.7. More Isearch commands accept prefix arguments, namely
isearch-printing-char
, isearch-quote-char
, isearch-yank-word
,
isearch-yank-line
.
7.37.8. Word search now matches whitespace at the beginning/end
of the search string if it contains leading/trailing whitespace.
In an incremental word search or when using a non-nil LAX argument
of word-search-regexp
, the lax matching can also match part of
the first word (in addition to the lax matching of the last word).
The same rules are now applied to the symbol search, with the difference
that it matches symbols, and non-symbol characters between symbols.
7.38. New SES command 「ses-rename-cell」 allows assignment of names to SES cells.
7.39. The shell.el option 「explicit-bash-args」 includes –noediting by default.
All non-ancient Bash versions support this option.
7.40. Shell Script mode
7.40.1. The SMIE indentation engine is now used by default - see 「sh-use-smie」.
7.40.2. sh-mode
now has its own setting for add-log-current-defun-function.
7.41. SMIE
7.41.1. You can customize the SMIE indentation of a mode via 「smie-config」.
The command 「smie-config-guess」 can help you derive the appropriate indentation settings, if you provide it with an indented sample file. Use 「smie-config-save」 to save the result.
7.41.2. You can customize the SMIE indentation of a file by adding an entry to
the file's local variables of the form: 'eval: (smie-config-local '(RULES))'.
7.41.3. New commands 「smie-config-show-indent」 and 「smie-config-set-indent」.
7.42. SQL mode
7.42.1. Improved login monitoring and appropriate response to login failures.
New variable 「sql-login-delay」 defines maximum wait time for a connection.
7.42.2. Oracle support.
SQL*Plus script placeholders are properly highlighted and identified in 「sql-placeholders-filter」. When starting SQL*Plus, 「sql-oracle-options」 are passed before the logon parameter, as required. The default now includes '-L', to limit the number of logon attempts per invocation.
7.43. New Term mode option 「term-suppress-hard-newline」.
7.44. Todo mode has been rewritten and enhanced.
The Todo mode user manual describes all commands and most user options. To support some of these features, a new file format is used, which is incompatible with the old format; however, you can convert old todo and done item files to the new format on initializing the first new todo file, or at any later time with the provided conversion command. The previous version of todo-mode.el has been renamed to otodo-mode.el and is now obsolete. New features include:
7.44.1. Support for multiple todo files and archive files of done items.
7.44.2. Renaming, reordering, moving, merging, and deleting categories.
7.44.3. Sortable tabular summaries of categories and the item types they contain.
7.44.4. Cross-category lists of items filtered by specific criteria.
7.44.5. More fine-grained interaction with the Emacs diary, by being able to
decide for each todo item whether it appears in the Fancy Diary display.
7.44.6. Highly flexible new item insertion and item editing.
7.44.7. Moving items between categories, storing done items in their category
or in archive files, undoing or unarchiving done items.
7.44.8. Reprioritizing items by inputting a numerical priority.
7.44.9. Extensive customizability of operation and display, including many faces.
7.45. Trace
7.45.1. trace-function
and trace-function-background
no longer prompt for
the output buffer. Unless you use a prefix argument, they output to trace-buffer.
7.45.2. With a prefix argument, trace-function
and trace-function-background
will prompt for a "context". This is a Lisp expression, whose value at the time the function is entered/exited is printed along with the function's name and arguments.
7.46. Tramp
7.46.1. New connection method "adb", which allows to access Android
devices by the Android Debug Bridge. The variable 「tramp-adb-program」 can be used to adapt the path of the "adb" program, if needed.
7.46.2. Handlers for file-acl
and set-file-acl
for remote machines
that support POSIX ACLs.
7.46.3. Handlers for file-notify-add-watch
and file-notify-rm-watch
for remote machines that support filesystem notifications.
7.46.4. The experimental url syntax for remote file names has been removed.
7.46.5. The connection methods "plink1", "ssh1", "ssh2", "scp1", "scp2",
"scpc" and "rsyncc" are discontinued. The ssh option "ControlMaster=auto" is set automatically in all ssh-based methods, when possible. See 「tramp-use-ssh-controlmaster-options」.
7.47. New URL command url-cookie-list
displays the current cookies,
and allows you to interactively remove cookies.
7.48. VC and related modes
7.48.1. In VC directory mode, 'D' displays diffs between VC-controlled
whole tree revisions.
7.48.2. In VC directory mode, 'L' lists the change log for the current VC
controlled tree in a window.
7.48.3. In VC directory mode, 'I' shows a log of changes that will be
received with a pull operation.
7.48.4. 【C-x v G】 (globally) and 'G' (in VC directory mode) ignores a file
under current version control system. When called with a prefix argument, you can remove a file from the ignored file list.
7.49. VHDL mode
7.49.1. New options: 「vhdl-actual-generic-name」, 「vhdl-beautify-options」.
7.49.2. New commands: 「vhdl-fix-statement-region」, 「vhdl-fix-statement-buffer」.
7.50. The Woman commands 「woman-default-faces」 and 「woman-monochrome-faces」
are obsolete. Customize the 'woman-*' faces instead.
7.51. More packages look for ~/.emacs.d/<foo> additionally to ~/.<foo>.
Affected files: ~/.emacs.d/timelog replaces ~/.timelog ~/.emacs.d/vip replaces ~/.vip ~/.emacs.d/viper replaces ~/.viper ~/.emacs.d/ido.last replaces ~/.ido.last ~/.emacs.d/kkcrc replaces ~/.kkcrc ~/.emacs.d/quickurls replaces ~/.quickurls ~/.emacs.d/idlwave/ replaces ~/.idlwave/ ~/.emacs.d/bdfcache.el replaces ~/.bdfcache.el ~/.emacs.d/places replaces ~/.emacs-places ~/.emacs.d/shadows replaces ~/.shadows ~/.emacs.d/shadowtodo replaces ~/.shadowtodo ~/.emacs.d/strokes replaces ~/.strokes ~/.emacs.d/notes replaces ~/.notes ~/.emacs.d/type-break replaces ~/.type-break Also the following files used by the now obsolete otodo-mode.el: ~/.emacs.d/todo-do replaces ~/.todo-do ~/.emacs.d/todo-done replaces ~/.todo-done ~/.emacs.d/todo-top replaces ~/.todo-top
7.52. Obsolete packages
7.52.1. iswitchb.el; use icomplete-mode
.
7.52.2. longlines.el; use visual-line-mode
.
7.52.3. meese.el.
7.52.4. sup-mouse.el.
7.52.5. terminal.el; use term.el instead.
7.52.6. the old version of todo-mode.el (renamed to otodo-mode.el).
7.52.7. xesam.el (owing to the cancellation of the XESAM project).
7.52.8. yow.el; use fortune.el or cookie1.el instead.
8. New Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.4
8.1. New package 'eww' provides a built-in web browser.
This requires Emacs to have been compiled with libxml2 support.
8.2. New package nadvice.el offers lighter-weight advice facilities.
It is layered as:
8.2.1. add-function
/remove-function
, which can be used to add/remove code on
any function-carrying place, such as process filters or '<foo>-function' hooks.
8.2.2. advice-add
/advice-remove
to add/remove a piece of advice on a named
function, much like 'defadvice' does.
8.3. New package frameset.el provides a set of operations to save a frameset
(the state of all or a subset of the existing frames and windows, somewhat similar to a frame configuration), both in-session and persistently, and restore it at some point in the future.
8.4. New package filenotify.el provides an interface for file system
notifications. It requires that Emacs be compiled with one of the low-level libraries gfilenotify.c, inotify.c or w32notify.c.
8.5. New minor modes prettify-symbols-mode
and global-prettify-symbols-mode
display specified symbols as composed characters. E.g., in Emacs Lisp mode, this replaces the string "lambda" with the Greek lambda character.
8.6. New minor mode superword-mode
, which overrides the default word motion
commands to treat "symbolwords" as a single word, similar to what
subword-mode
does.
9. Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.4
9.1. The default file coding for Emacs Lisp files is now utf-8.
(See file-coding-system-alist.) In most cases, this change is transparent, but files that contain unusual characters without specifying an explicit coding system may fail to load with obscure errors. You should either convert them to utf-8 or add an explicit 'coding:' cookie.
9.2. Default process filters and sentinels are not nil any more.
Instead they default to a function that does what the nil value used to do.
9.3. Overlay priority does not have to be nil or a non-negative integer.
Overlay priority can be other kinds of Lisp objects. We didn't yet
decide whether other types of values are stable enough, and therefore
don't feel it's right to document them. For now, don't assume in your
code that the values of overlay priority can only be either nil or an
integer, always test them with an appropriate predicate to be one or
the other. If you need to sort arbitrary overlays into priority
order, overlays-at
can now optionally do this.
You should still only specify integer priorities on overlays you create.
9.4. The cars of the elements in interpreter-mode-alist are now
treated as regexps rather than literal strings.
9.5. overriding-terminal-local-map no longer replaces the local keymaps.
It used to disable the minor mode, major mode, and text-property keymaps, whereas now it simply has higher precedence.
9.6. kill-region
has lost its 「yank-handler」 optional argument.
9.7. '(input-pending-p)' no longer runs other timers that are ready to run.
The new optional CHECK-TIMERS parameter allows for the prior behavior.
9.8. 'defvar' and 'defcustom' in a let-binding affect the "external" default.
9.9. The syntax of ?» and ?« is now punctuation instead of matched parens.
Some languages match those as »…«, and others as «…», so it is better for Emacs to stay neutral by default.
9.10. read-event
does not always decode chars in ttys any more. As was the case
in Emacs 22 and before, read-event
(and read-char
) by default read raw
bytes from the terminal. If you want to read decoded chars instead (as was
always the case in Emacs-23, for example), pass a non-nil
「inherit-input-method」 argument.
9.11. In symbol-function
, nil and "unbound" are indistinguishable.
symbol-function
does not signal a 「void-function」 error any more.
To determine if a symbol's function definition is void, use 'fboundp'.
9.12. 'defadvice' does not honor the 'freeze' flag and cannot advise
special-forms any more.
9.13. 'dolist' no longer binds VAR while evaluating the RESULT form,
when lexical binding is enabled. Previously, VAR was bound to nil, which often led to spurious unused-variable warnings.
9.14. The return value of backup-buffer
has changed.
The second argument is no longer an SELinux context, instead it is an
alist of extended attributes as returned by the new function
file-extended-attributes
. The attributes can be applied to another
file using set-file-extended-attributes
.
9.15. By default copy-file
no longer copies file permission bits to an
existing destination; and it sets the file permission bits of a newly
created destination to those of the source, masked by the default file
permissions. To copy the file permission bits, pass t as the
PRESERVE-PERMISSIONS argument of copy-file
.
9.16. visited-file-modtime
now returns -1 for nonexistent files.
Formerly it returned a list (-1 LOW USEC PSEC), but this was ambiguous in the presence of files with negative time stamps.
9.17. Frame-local variables that affect redisplay do not work any more.
More specifically, redisplay does not bother to check for a frame-local value when looking up variables.
9.18. In compiled Lisp files, the header no longer includes a timestamp.
9.19. The option 「inhibit-local-menu-bar-menus」 has been removed.
10. Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.4
10.1. Change to the Emacs Lisp coding conventions: the package descriptor
and name of global variables, constants, and functions should be separated by two hyphens if the symbol is not meant to be used by other packages.
10.2. The second argument of 'eval' can now specify a lexical environment.
10.3. New macro define-alternatives
can be used to define generic commands.
Generic commands are interactive functions whose implementation can be selected among several alternatives, as a matter of user preference.
10.4. Numeric comparison functions , <, >, <
, >= can now take many arguments.
10.5. New functions special-form-p
and 'macrop'.
10.6. New macro with-eval-after-load
.
This is like the old eval-after-load
, but better behaved.
10.7. If you give a symbol a 「defalias-fset-function」 property, 'defalias'
on that symbol will use the associated value as a function to call in place of 'fset'.
10.8. New variable enable-dir-local-variables.
Directory-local variables are ignored if this is nil. This may be useful for modes that want to ignore directory-locals while still respecting file-local variables.
10.9. read-regexp
now uses the new variable read-regexp-defaults-function
as a function to call to provide default values.
10.10. New functions group-gid
and group-real-gid
.
10.11. New function get-pos-property
.
10.12. New hook pre-redisplay-function.
10.13. byte-compile-interactive-only-functions is now obsolete.
To specify that a command should only be called interactively, give it a non-nil 「interactive-only」 property.
10.14. New function string-suffix-p
.
10.15. split-string
now takes an optional argument TRIM.
The value, if non-nil, is a regexp that specifies what to trim from the start and end of each substring.
10.16. New function delete-consecutive-dups
.
10.17. Completion
10.17.1. The separator used by completing-read-multiple
is now a regexp.
The default 「crm-separator」 has been changed to allow surrounding spaces around the comma.
10.17.2. New function completion-table-with-cache
is a wrapper for
completion-table-dynamic
that caches the result of the last lookup.
10.17.3. New function completion-table-merge
to combine several
completion tables by merging their completions.
10.17.4. The 「common-substring」 argument of display-completion-list
,
which has been documented as obsolete since Emacs 23.1, is now really
obsolete, and no longer advertised. Instead either call
completion-hilit-commonality
to add the highlighting; or use
completion-all-completions
, which returns highlighted strings.
10.18. Encoding and decoding of text
10.18.1. New coding-system 「prefer-utf-8」.
This is like 'undecided' but prefers UTF-8 on decoding if the text to be decoded does not contain any invalid UTF-8 sequences. On encoding, any non-ASCII characters are automatically encoded as UTF-8.
10.18.2. New attributes of coding-systems whose type is 'undecided'.
Two new attributes, ':inhibit-null-byte-detection' and ':inhibit-iso-escape-detection', determine how to detect encoding of text that includes null bytes and ISO-2022 escape sequences, respectively. Each of these attributes can be either nil, zero, or t. If t, decoding text ignores null bytes and ISO-2022 sequences, respectively. If nil, null bytes cause text to be decoded with no-conversion, and ISO-2022 sequences cause Emacs to assume the text is encoded in one of the ISO-2022 encodings, such as iso-2022-7bit. If zero, Emacs consults the variables inhibit-null-byte-detection and inhibit-iso-escape-detection. The new attribute ':prefer-utf-8', if non-nil, causes Emacs to prefer UTF-8 encoding and decoding, whenever possible.
These attributes are only meaningful for coding-systems of type 'undecided'.
(The type of a coding-system is determined by its ':coding-type' attribute
and can be accessed by calling the coding-system-type
function.)
10.19. Error-handling
10.19.1. New function define-error
.
10.19.2. with-demoted-errors
takes an additional argument 'format'.
10.19.3. Errors from timer functions are no longer silently discarded,
but are reported as messages. So you may see "Error running timer" messages from code that was failing silently till now. Set debug-on-error non-nil to get a real error and a backtrace.
10.20. Faces
10.20.1. Face specs set via Custom themes now replace the 'defface' spec
rather than inheriting from it. In other words, setting a face via a theme now behaves like setting it via Customize: you only need to specify the attributes that you want, you don't need to unset those that you don't want.
10.20.2. The function face-spec-set
is now like 'setq' for face specs.
Its third arg now accepts values specifying a face spec type (defface, custom, or override spec), and the relevant spec is set accordingly.
10.20.3. New face spec attribute :distant-foreground
specifies foreground to use if background color is near the foreground color that would otherwise have been used.
10.20.4. New function add-face-text-property
, which can be used to
conveniently prepend/append new face properties.
10.20.5. New face characteristic (supports :underline (:style wave))
specifies whether or not the terminal can display a wavy line.
10.21. File-handling
10.21.1. Support for filesystem notifications.
Emacs now supports notifications of filesystem changes, such as creation, modification, and deletion of files. This requires the 'glib' API, or the 'inotify' API (on GNU/Linux systems only). On MS-Windows systems, this is supported for Windows XP and newer.
10.21.2. The 9th element returned by file-attributes
is now unspecified.
Formerly, it was t if the file's gid would change if file were deleted and recreated. This value has been inaccurate for years on many platforms, and nobody seems to have noticed or cared.
10.21.3. The 6th argument to copy-file
has been renamed to
PRESERVE-PERMISSIONS as it now handles ACL entries and the traditional Unix file permission bits as well as SELinux context.
10.21.4. The function file-ownership-preserved-p
now has an optional
argument GROUP which causes it check for file group too. This can be
used in place of the 9th element of file-attributes
.
10.21.5. The function set-visited-file-modtime
now accepts a 0 or -1 argument,
with the same interpretation as the returned value of visited-file-modtime
.
10.22. Image API
10.22.1. image-animated-p
is now image-multi-frame-p
.
It returns non-nil for any image that contains multiple frames, whether or not it specifies a frame delay.
10.22.2. New variable image-default-frame-delay gives the frame delay for
animated images which do not specify a frame delay.
10.22.3. New functions image-current-frame
and image-show-frame
for getting
and setting the current frame of a multi-frame image.
10.23. ImageMagick
10.23.1. ImageMagick images now support the :max-width and :max-height keywords.
10.23.2. When using create-image
with image data, you can pass a :format
attribute (via the property-list argument) in order to help ImageMagick detect the image type. The value should be a MIME content-type that is found in the new variable image-format-suffixes.
10.24. Revert and Autorevert
10.24.1. If Emacs is compiled with file notification support, it uses notifications
instead of checking file time stamps. To disable this, set the user option auto-revert-use-notify to nil. Alternatively, you can specify a regular expression matching directories to be excluded from file notifications via auto-revert-notify-exclude-dir-regexp.
10.24.2. The default values of buffer-stale-function, revert-buffer-function,
and revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function are no longer nil. Instead they default to functions that do what the nil value used to.
10.24.3. buffer-stale-function is now used for buffers visiting files too.
10.24.4. The new user option auto-revert-remote-files enables reversion
of remote files, if non-nil.
10.25. Terminal
10.25.1. Functions to pop up menus and dialogs now work on all terminals,
including TTYs. This includes 'x-popup-menu', 'x-popup-dialog',
message-box
, yes-or-no-p
, etc.
The function display-popup-menus-p
will now return non-nil for a
display or frame whenever a mouse is supported on that display or frame.
10.25.2. New hook tty-setup-hook, run at the end of initializing a text terminal.
10.25.3. The hook term-setup-hook is obsolete. It is entirely equivalent
to emacs-startup-hook. See also the new tty-setup-hook.
10.26. Minor internal changes to the details of lock files.
The lock for DIR/FILE is now always DIR/.#FILE. If DIR/.#FILE already exists and is not an Emacs lock file, Emacs makes no attempt to lock DIR/FILE. (Previously, it fell back to numbered lock files DIR/.#FILE.0…). On file systems that do not support symbolic links, the lock is now a regular file with contents being what would have been in the symlink.
10.27. New bool-vector set operation functions:
10.27.1. bool-vector-exclusive-or
10.27.2. bool-vector-union
10.27.3. bool-vector-intersection
10.27.4. bool-vector-set-difference
10.27.5. bool-vector-not
10.27.6. bool-vector-subsetp
10.27.7. bool-vector-count-consecutive
10.27.8. bool-vector-count-population
10.28. New library subr-x.el with miscellaneous small utility functions:
10.28.1. hash-table-keys
10.28.2. hash-table-values
10.28.3. string-blank-p
10.28.4. string-empty-p
10.28.5. string-join
10.28.6. string-reverse
10.28.7. string-trim-left
10.28.8. string-trim-right
10.28.9. string-trim
10.28.10. string-remove-prefix
10.28.11. string-remove-suffix
10.29. The time-to-seconds
alias to float-time
is no longer marked obsolete.
10.30. The spelling of the rx.el category 「chinese-two-byte」 has been
corrected (the first 'e' was missing).
10.31. EIEIO namespace cleanup, obsolete-aliasing functions to use 'eieio-' prefix:
10.31.1. object-name -> eieio-object-name
10.31.2. object-class -> eieio-object-class
10.31.3. object-class-fast -> eieio–object-class
10.31.4. object-class-name -> eieio-object-class-name
10.31.5. object-name-string -> eieio-object-name-string
10.31.6. object-num-slots -> eieio–object-num-slots
10.31.7. object-set-name-string -> eieio-object-set-name-string
10.31.8. class-of -> eieio-object-class
10.31.9. class-name -> eieio-class-name
10.31.10. class-parent -> eieio-class-parent
10.31.11. class-parents -> eieio-class-parents
10.31.12. class-parents-fast -> eieio-class-parents-fast
10.31.13. class-children -> eieio-class-children
10.31.14. class-num-slots -> eieio–class-num-slots
10.31.15. class-precedence-list -> eieio-class-precedence-list
10.31.16. class-direct-subclasses -> eieio-class-children
10.31.17. class-direct-superclasses -> eieio-class-parents
10.32. Obsoleted functions
10.32.1. 'log10'
10.32.2. dont-compile
10.32.3. lisp-complete-symbol
10.32.4. field-complete
10.32.5. minibuffer-completion-contents
10.32.6. isearch-nonincremental-exit-minibuffer
10.32.7. isearch-filter-visible
10.32.8. generic-make-keywords-list
10.32.9. get-upcase-table
(use case-table-get-table
instead).
10.33. with-wrapper-hook
is obsoleted by add-function
.
The few hooks that used with-wrapper-hook are replaced as follows:
10.33.1. abbrev-expand-function obsoletes abbrev-expand-functions.
10.33.2. completion-in-region-function obsoletes completion-in-region-functions.
10.33.3. filter-buffer-substring-function obsoletes filter-buffer-substring-functions.
11. Changes in Emacs 24.4 on Non-Free Operating Systems
11.1. New Core Text based font backend for Mac OS X 10.5 and newer.
To use the old font backend, use the following on the command line: % defaults write org.gnu.Emacs FontBackend ns GNUstep and Mac OS X 10.4 use the old font backend.
11.2. Improved fullscreen support on Mac OS X 10.7 and newer, where the
default fullscreen method is now "native" fullscreen. To use the old style fullscreen, customize 「ns-use-native-fullscreen」 to nil.
11.3. On Mac OS X 10.7 and newer, Emacs can use sRGB colorspace, and does so
by default. Customize 「ns-use-srgb-colorspace」 to go back to the old method. Note that this does not apply to images.
11.4. The procedure for building Emacs on MS-Windows has changed.
It is now built by running the same configure script as on all other platforms. This requires the MSYS environment and MinGW development tools. See the updated instructions in nt/INSTALL for details.
Using the Posix configure script and Makefiles also means a change in the directory structure of the Emacs installation on Windows. It is now the same as on GNU and Unix systems. In particular, the auxiliary programs, such as cmdproxy.exe and hexl.exe, are in libexec/emacs/VERSION/i686-pc-mingw32 (where VERSION is the Emacs version), version-independent site-lisp is in share/emacs/site-lisp, version-specific Lisp files are in share/emacs/VERSION/lisp and in share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp, Info docs are in share/info, and data files are in share/emacs/VERSION/etc. (Emacs knows about all these directories and will find the files in there automatically; there's no need to set any variables due to this change.)
11.5. Emacs on Windows 2000 and later can now access files and directories
whose names cannot be encoded in the current system codepage.
The new variable w32-unicode-filenames controls this feature: if it is t, Emacs uses Unicode APIs to pass file names to system calls, which lifts the limitation of file names to the current locale.
11.6. Lock files now work on MS-Windows.
This helps to prevent losing your edits if the same file is being edited in another Emacs session or by another user. See the node "Interlocking" in the Emacs User Manual for the details. To disable file locking, customize create-lockfiles to nil.
11.7. The "generate a backtrace on fatal error" feature now works on MS-Windows.
The backtrace is written to the 'emacsbacktrace.txt' file in the directory where Emacs was running.
11.8. The network-interface-list
and network-interface-info
functions
are now available on MS-Windows.
11.9. The variable 「buffer-file-type」 is no longer supported.
Setting it has no effect, and %t in the mode-line format is ignored. Likewise, file-name-buffer-file-type-alist is now obsolete, and modifying it has no effect.
12. Installation Changes in Emacs 24.3
12.1. The default X toolkit is now Gtk+ version 3.
If you don't pass '–with-x-toolkit' to configure, or if you use '–with-x-toolkit=gtk' or '–with-x-toolkit=yes', configure will try to build with Gtk+ version 3, and if that fails, try Gtk+ version 2. You can explicitly require a specific version by passing '–with-x-toolkit=gtk2' or '–with-x-toolkit=gtk3' to configure.
12.2. New configure option '–enable-link-time-optimization', to utilize
an appropriate feature provided by GCC since version 4.5.0.
12.3. New configure option '–without-all' to disable most of the optional
features (image support, etc.) that are normally enabled by default.
12.4. New configure option '–enable-gcc-warnings' (for developing/debugging
Emacs). If building with GCC, this enables compile-time checks that warn/give errors about possibly-questionable C code. On a recent GNU system there should be no warnings; on older and on non-GNU systems the results may be useful to developers.
12.5. The configure option '–enable-use-lisp-union-type' has been
renamed to '–enable-check-lisp-object-type', as the resulting LispObject type no longer uses a union to implement the compile time check that this option enables.
12.6. The configure option '–disable-maintainer-mode' has been removed,
as it was confusingly-named and rarely useful.
12.7. The configure options '–program-prefix', '–program-suffix', and
'–program-transform-name' apply to more than just the installed binaries. Now they also affect the man pages, icons, and the etc/emacs.desktop file; but not the info pages, since this would break links between the various manuals.
12.8. You can use 'NOBINLINK=t make install' to prevent the installation
overwriting "emacs" in the installation bin/ directory with a link to "emacs-VERSION".
12.9. Emacs uses libtinfo in preference to libncurses, if available.
12.10. On FreeBSD and NetBSD, configure no longer adds /usr/local/lib and
/usr/pkg/lib to the linker search path. You must add them yourself if you want them.
12.11. The standalone scripts 「rcs-checkin」 and 'vcdiff' have been removed
(from the bin and libexec directories, respectively). The former is no longer relevant, the latter is replaced by lisp (in vc-sccs.el).
13. Startup Changes in Emacs 24.3
13.1. Emacs no longer searches for 'leim-list.el' files beneath the standard
lisp/ directory. There should not be any there anyway. If you have been adding them there, put them somewhere else; e.g., site-lisp.
13.2. The '–no-site-lisp' command line option now works for Nextstep builds.
14. Changes in Emacs 24.3
14.1. Help
14.1.1. 【C-h f】 (describe-function
) can now perform autoloading.
When this command is called for an autoloaded function whose docstring contains a key substitution construct, that function's library is automatically loaded, so that the documentation can be shown correctly. To disable this, set help-enable-auto-load to nil.
14.1.2. 【C-h f】 now reports previously-autoloaded functions as "autoloaded",
even after their associated libraries have been loaded (and the autoloads have been redefined as functions).
14.2. ImageMagick
14.2.1. Images displayed via ImageMagick now support transparency and the
:background image specification property.
14.2.2. When available, ImageMagick support is automatically enabled.
It is no longer necessary to call imagemagick-register-types
explicitly to install ImageMagick image types; that function is called
automatically at startup, or when customizing an imagemagick- option.
14.2.3. Setting imagemagick-types-inhibit to t now disables the use of
ImageMagick to view images. (You must call imagemagick-register-types
afterwards if you do not use customize to change this.)
14.2.4. The new variable imagemagick-enabled-types also affects which
ImageMagick types are treated as images. The function
imagemagick-filter-types
returns the list of types that will be
treated as images.
14.3. Minibuffer
14.3.1. In minibuffer filename prompts, 'C-M-f' and 'C-M-b' now move to the
next and previous path separator, respectively.
14.3.2. minibuffer-electric-default-mode
can shorten "(default …)" to "[…]"
in minibuffer prompts. Just set 「minibuffer-eldef-shorten-default」 non-nil before enabling the mode.
14.4. Mode line
14.4.1. New option mode-line-default-help-echo
specifies the help text
(shown in a tooltip or in the echo area) for any part of the mode line that does not have its own specialized help text.
14.4.2. You can now click mouse-3 in the coding system indicator to invoke
set-buffer-file-coding-system
.
14.5. Server and client
14.5.1. emacsclient now obeys string values for initial-buffer-choice,
if it is told to open a new frame without specifying any file to visit or expression to evaluate.
14.5.2. New option 「server-auth-key」 specifies a shared server key.
14.6. Emacs now generates backtraces on fatal errors.
On encountering a fatal error, Emacs now outputs a textual description of the fatal signal, and a short backtrace on platforms like glibc that support backtraces.
14.7. 'C-x C-q' is now bound to the new minor mode read-only-mode
.
This minor mode replaces 「toggle-read-only」, which is now obsolete.
14.8. Most 'y-or-n' prompts now allow you to scroll the selected window.
Typing 【C-v】 or 【M-v】 at a y-or-n prompt scrolls forward or backward respectively, without exiting from the prompt.
14.9. In the Package Menu, newly-available packages are listed as "new",
and sorted above the other "available" packages by default.
14.10. If your Emacs was built from a repository checkout, the new variable
emacs-bzr-version contains information about the bzr revision used.
14.11. New option create-lockfiles specifies usage of lockfiles.
It defaults to t. Changing it to nil inhibits the creation of lock files (use this with caution).
14.12. New option enable-remote-dir-locals, if non-nil, allows directory-local
variables on remote hosts.
14.13. The entry for PCL-CVS has been removed from the Tools menu.
The PCL-CVS commands are still available via the keyboard.
14.14. Using "unibyte: t" in Lisp source files is obsolete.
Use "coding: raw-text" instead.
14.15. In the buffer made by 'M-x report-emacs-bug', the 【C-c m】 binding
has been changed to 'C-c M-i' (「report-emacs-bug-insert-to-mailer」). The previous binding, introduced in Emacs 24.1, was a mistake, because 【C-c LETTER】 bindings are reserved for user customizations.
14.16. Internationalization
14.16.1. New language environment: Persian.
14.16.2. New input method 「vietnamese-vni」.
14.17. Nextstep (GNUstep / OS X) port
14.17.1. Support for fullscreen and the frame parameter fullscreen.
14.17.2. A file dialog is used for open/save operations initiated from the
menu/toolbar.
15. Editing Changes in Emacs 24.3
15.1. Search and Replace
15.1.1. Non-regexp Isearch now performs "lax" space matching.
Each sequence of spaces in the supplied search string may match any sequence of one or more whitespace characters, as specified by the variable search-whitespace-regexp. (This variable is also used by a similar existing feature for regexp Isearch.)
15.1.2. New Isearch command 【M-s SPC】 toggles lax space matching.
This applies to both ordinary and regexp Isearch.
15.1.3. New option replace-lax-whitespace.
If non-nil, query-replace
uses flexible whitespace matching too.
The default is nil.
15.1.4. Global 'M-s _' starts a symbol (identifier) incremental search,
and 'M-s _' in Isearch toggles symbol search mode. 【M-s c】 in Isearch toggles search case-sensitivity.
15.2. Navigation commands
15.2.1. New binding 【M-g c】 for goto-char
.
15.2.2. New binding 【M-g TAB】 for move-to-column
.
15.2.3. 【M-g TAB】 (move-to-column
) prompts for a column number if called
interactively with no prefix arg. Previously, it moved to column 1.
15.3. New option yank-handled-properties allows processing of text
properties on yanked text, in ways that are more general than just removing them (as is done by yank-excluded-properties).
15.4. New option delete-trailing-lines specifies whether
M-x delete-trailing-whitespace should delete trailing lines at the end of the buffer. It defaults to t.
15.5. 'C-u M-=' now counts lines/words/characters in the entire buffer.
15.6. 【C-x 8 RET】 is now bound to insert-char
, which is now a command.
「ucs-insert」 is now an obsolete alias for insert-char
.
15.7. The 'z' key no longer has a binding in most special modes.
It used to be bound to kill-this-buffer
, but 'z' is too easy to
accidentally type.
15.8. New command 'C-x r M-w' (copy-rectangle-as-kill
).
It copies the region-rectangle as the last rectangle kill.
15.9. Registers
15.9.1. 'C-x r +' is now overloaded to invoke append-to-register
.
15.9.2. New option register-separator specifies the register containing
the text to put between collected texts for use with M-x append-to-register and M-x prepend-to-register.
16. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.3
16.1. Common Lisp emulation (CL)
16.1.1. CL's main entry is now (require 'cl-lib).
「cl-lib」 is like the old 'cl' except that it uses the namespace cleanly; i.e., all its definitions have the "cl-" prefix (and internal definitions use the "cl–" prefix).
If 'cl' provided a feature under the name 'foo', then 「cl-lib」 provides it under the name 「cl-foo」 instead; with the exceptions of the few 'cl' definitions that had to use 'foo*' to avoid conflicts with pre-existing Elisp entities. These have been renamed to 「cl-foo」 rather than 'cl-foo*'.
The old 'cl' is now deprecated and is mainly just a bunch of aliases that provide the old, non-prefixed names. Some exceptions are listed below:
16.1.2. cl-flet
is not like 'flet' (which is deprecated).
Instead it obeys the behavior of Common-Lisp's 'flet'. In particular, in cl-flet function definitions are lexically scoped, whereas in flet the scoping is dynamic.
16.1.3. cl-labels
is slightly different from 'labels'.
The difference is that it relies on the lexical-binding machinery
(as opposed to the lexical-let
machinery used previously) to capture
definitions in closures, so such closures will only work if lexical-binding
is in use.
16.1.4. cl-letf
is not exactly like 'letf'.
The only difference is in details that relate to some deprecated usage
of symbol-function
in place forms.
16.1.5. 'progv' was rewritten to use the 'let' machinery.
A side effect is that variables without corresponding values are bound to nil rather than being made unbound.
16.1.6. The following methods of extending 'setf' are obsolete
(use features from gv.el instead):
define-modify-macro
(use gv-letplace
)
'defsetf' (use gv-define-simple-setter
or gv-define-setter
)
define-setf-expander
(use gv-define-setter
or gv-define-expander
)
「get-setf-method」 no longer exists (see "Incompatible Lisp Changes")
16.2. Diff mode
16.2.1. Changes are now highlighted using the same color scheme as in
modern VCSes. Deletions are displayed in red (new faces 「diff-refine-removed」 and 「smerge-refined-removed」, and new definition of 「diff-removed」), insertions in green (new faces 「diff-refine-added」 and 「smerge-refined-added」, and new definition of 「diff-added」).
16.2.2. The variable diff-use-changed-face defines whether to use the
face 「diff-changed」, or 「diff-removed」 and 「diff-added」 to highlight changes in context diffs.
16.2.3. The new command diff-delete-trailing-whitespace
removes trailing
whitespace introduced by a diff.
16.3. Ediff now uses the same color scheme as Diff mode.
16.4. Python mode
A new version of python.el, which provides several new features, including: per-buffer shells, better indentation, Python 3 support, and improved shell-interaction compatible with iPython (and virtually any other text based shell).
16.4.1. Some user options have been replaced/renamed, including (old -> new):
16.4.2. Some user options have been removed, including:
- 「python-indent-string-contents」: Strings are never indented.
- 「python-honour-comment-indentation」:
Comments are always considered as indentation markers.
- 「python-continuation-offset」: Indentation is automatically
calculated in a pep8 compliant way depending on the context.
- 「python-shell-prompt-alist」, 「python-shell-continuation-prompt-alist」:
Have no direct mapping as the shell interaction is completely different.
- 「python-python-command」, 「python-jython-command」:
Replaced by 「python-shell-interpreter」.
- 「inferior-python-filter-regexp」, 「python-remove-cwd-from-path」,
「python-pdbtrack-minor-mode-string」, 「python-source-modes」: No longer relevant.
16.4.3. Some commands have been replaced (old -> new):
- python-insert-class -> python-skeleton-class
- python-insert-def -> python-skeleton-def
- python-insert-for -> python-skeleton-for
- python-insert-if -> python-skeleton-if
- python-insert-try/except -> python-skeleton-try
- python-insert-try/finally -> python-skeleton-try
- python-insert-while -> python-skeleton-while
- python-find-function -> python-nav-jump-to-defun
- python-next-statement -> python-nav-forward-sentence
- python-previous-statement -> python-nav-backward-sentence
- python-beginning-of-defun-function -> python-nav-beginning-of-defun
- python-end-of-defun-function -> python-nav-end-of-defun
- python-send-buffer -> python-shell-send-buffer
- python-send-defun -> python-shell-send-defun
- python-send-region -> python-shell-send-region
- python-send-region-and-go -> emulate with python-shell-send-region
and python-shell-switch-to-shell
- python-send-string -> python-shell-send-string
- python-switch-to-python -> python-shell-switch-to-shell
- python-describe-symbol -> python-eldoc-at-point
16.5. D-Bus
16.5.1. New variables 「dbus-compiled-version」 and 「dbus-runtime-version」.
16.5.2. The D-Bus object manager interface is implemented.
16.5.3. Variables of type :(u)int32 and :(u)int64 accept floating points,
if their value does not fit into Emacs's integer range.
16.5.4. The function 「dbus-call-method」 is now non-blocking.
It can be interrupted by 【C-g】. 「dbus-call-method-non-blocking」 is obsolete.
16.5.5. Signals can also be sent as unicast messages.
16.5.6. The argument list of 「dbus-register-signal」 has been extended,
according to the new match rule types of D-Bus.
16.5.7. 「dbus-init-bus」 supports private connections.
16.5.8. There is a new function 「dbus-setenv」.
16.6. 「desktop-path」 no longer includes the "." directory.
Desktop files are now located in ~/.emacs.d by default.
16.7. Dired
16.7.1. dired-do-async-shell-command
executes each file sequentially
if the command ends in ';' (when operating on multiple files). Otherwise, it executes the command on each file in parallel.
16.7.2. Typing 【M-n】 in the minibuffer of dired-do-chmod
, dired-do-chgrp
,
dired-do-chown
, and dired-do-touch
yanks the attributes of the
file at point.
16.7.3. When the region is active, 'm' (dired-mark
), 'u' (dired-unmark
),
'DEL' (dired-unmark-backward
), and 'd' (dired-flag-file-deletion
)
mark/unmark/flag all files in the active region.
16.7.4. The minibuffer default for '=' (dired-diff
) has changed.
It is now the backup file for the file at point, if one exists. In Transient Mark mode the default is the file at the active mark.
16.7.5. 'M-=' is no longer bound to dired-backup-diff
in Dired buffers.
The global binding for 'M-=', count-words-region
is in effect.
16.8. ERC
16.8.1. New module "notifications", which can send a notification when you
receive a private message or your nickname is mentioned.
16.8.2. ERC will look up server/channel names via auth-source and use any
channel keys found.
16.8.3. New option 「erc-lurker-hide-list」, similar to 「erc-hide-list」, but
only applies to messages sent by lurkers.
16.9. reStructuredText mode
16.9.1. Keybindings (see 'C-c C-h'), TAB indentation, filling and auto-filling,
fontification, comment handling, and customization have all been revised and improved.
16.9.2. Support for 'imenu' and which-function-mode
.
16.9.3. The reStructuredText syntax is more closely covered.
Sphinx support has been improved.
16.9.4. 「rst-insert-list」 inserts new list or continues existing lists.
16.9.5. A negative prefix argument always works for 「rst-adjust」.
16.9.6. The window configuration is reset after displaying a TOC.
16.9.7. The constant 「rst-version」 describes the rst.el package version.
16.10. Ruby mode
16.10.1. Support for percent literals and recognition of regular expressions
in method calls without parentheses with more methods, including Cucumber steps definitions.
16.10.2. Improved syntax highlighting and indentation.
16.10.3. New command 「ruby-toggle-block」, bound to 'C-c {'.
16.10.4. Some non-standard keybindings/commands have been removed:
- 「ruby-electric-brace」; use
electric-indent-mode
instead. - 「ruby-mark-defun」; use
mark-defun
. - 「ruby-beginning-of-defun」 and 「ruby-end-of-defun」 are replaced by
appropriate settings for the variables beginning-of-defun-function and end-of-defun-function.
- Non-standard keybindings for
backward-kill-word
,comment-region
,
reindent-then-newline-and-indent
and 'newline' have been removed.
16.11. Shell Script mode
16.11.1. Pairing of parens/quotes uses electric-pair-mode
instead of skeleton-pair.
16.11.2. 「sh-electric-here-document-mode」 now controls auto-insertion of here-docs.
16.11.3. 「sh-use-smie」 lets you choose a new indentation and navigation code.
16.12. VHDL mode
16.12.1. The free software compiler GHDL is supported (and now the default).
16.12.2. Support for the VHDL-AMS packages has been added/updated.
16.12.3. Updated to the 2002 revision of the VHDL standard.
16.12.4. Accepts \r and \f as whitespace.
16.13. Apropos
16.13.1. The faces used by Apropos are now directly customizable.
These faces are named 「apropos-symbol」, 「apropos-keybinding」, and so on; see the 'apropos' Custom group for details.
16.13.2. The old options whose values specified faces to use have been removed
(i.e. 「apropos-symbol-face」, 「apropos-keybinding-face」, 「apropos-label-face」, apropos-match-face and 「apropos-property-face」.).
16.14. Buffer Menu
16.14.1. This package has been rewritten to use Tabulated List mode.
16.14.2. Option 'Buffer-menu-buffer+size-width' is now obsolete.
Use 'Buffer-menu-name-width' and 'Buffer-menu-size-width' instead.
16.15. Calc
16.15.1. Algebraic simplification mode is now the default.
To restrict to the limited simplifications given by the former default simplification mode, use 'm I'.
16.16. Calendar
16.16.1. You can customize the header text that appears above each calendar month.
See the variable 「calendar-month-header」.
16.16.2. New LaTeX calendar style, produced by 「cal-tex-cursor-week2-summary」.
16.16.3. The calendars produced by cal-html include holidays.
Customize 「cal-html-holidays」 to change this.
16.17. CEDET
16.17.1. The major modes from the parser generators "Bovine" and "Wisent"
are now properly integrated in Emacs. The file suffixes ".by" and ".wy" are in auto-mode-alist, and the corresponding manuals are included.
16.17.2. EDE
- Menu support for the "Configuration" feature. This allows users to
choose the active configuration (such as debug or install) from the menu.
- New command 「ede-set」 to interactively set project-local variables.
- Support for compiling, debugging, and running in "generic" projects.
- Autoconf editing support for M4 macros with complex arguments.
- Compilation support for the "linux" project type.
- "simple" projects have been removed; use "generic" projects instead.
16.17.3. Semantic
- Support for parsing #include statements inside a namespace in C/C++.
- Improved support for 'extern "C"' declarations in C/C++.
- The ability to ignore more common special C/C++ preprocessor symbols,
such as '_nonnull' and '_asm'. Add '_cplusplus' macro when parsing C++. If available, include cdefs.h as an additional source of preprocessor symbols.
- Improved C/C++ function pointer parsing.
- In Python, support for converting imports to include file names.
- Ability to dynamically determine the Python load path.
- Support for the Python 'WITH' and 'AT' keywords.
- Improved tooltip completion.
16.17.4. SRecode
- The SRecode manual is now included.
- Tag generation supports constructor/destructor settings and system
include differentiation.
- Addition of 'Framework' support: Frameworks are specified when a
particular kind of library (such as Android) is needed in a common language mode (like Java).
- Support for nested templates and let variables override based on priority.
- Support for merging tables from multiple related modes, such as
default -> c++ -> arduino.
16.18. Compile has a new option 「compilation-always-kill」.
16.19. Customize
16.19.1. custom-reset-button-menu now defaults to t.
16.19.2. Non-option variables are never matched in customize-apropos
and
customize-apropos-options
(i.e., the prefix argument does nothing for
these commands now).
16.20. Term
16.20.1. The variables 「term-default-fg-color」 and 「term-default-bg-color」
are now deprecated in favor of the customizable face 'term'.
16.20.2. You can customize how to display ANSI terminal colors and styles
by customizing the corresponding 'term-color-<COLOR>', 「term-color-underline」 and 「term-color-bold」 faces.
16.21. Tramp
16.21.1. The syntax has been extended in order to allow ad-hoc proxy definitions.
16.21.2. Remote processes are now also supported on remote MS-Windows hosts.
16.22. URL
16.22.1. Structs made by url-generic-parse-url
have nil 'attributes' slot.
Previously, this slot stored semicolon-separated attribute-value pairs appended to some imap URLs, but this is not compatible with RFC 3986. So now the 'filename' slot stores the entire path and query components, and the 'attributes' slot is always nil.
16.22.2. New function url-encode-url
for encoding a URI string.
The url-retrieve
function now uses this to encode its URL argument,
in case that is not properly encoded.
16.23. notifications.el supports now version 1.2 of the Notifications API.
The function 「notifications-get-capabilities」 returns the supported server properties.
16.24. Flymake uses fringe bitmaps to indicate errors and warnings.
See 「flymake-fringe-indicator-position」, 「flymake-error-bitmap」 and 「flymake-warning-bitmap」.
16.25. The FFAP option 「ffap-url-unwrap-remote」 can now be a list of strings,
specifying URL types that should be converted to remote file names at the FFAP prompt. The default is now '("ftp").
16.26. New Ibuffer 「derived-mode」 filter, bound to '/ M'.
The old binding for '/ M' (filter by used-mode) is now bound to '/ m'.
16.27. New option 「mouse-avoidance-banish-position」 specifies where the
'banish' mouse avoidance setting moves the mouse.
16.28. In Perl mode, new option 「perl-indent-parens-as-block」 causes non-block
closing brackets to be aligned with the line of the opening bracket.
16.29. In Proced mode, new command 「proced-renice」 renices marked processes.
16.30. New option async-shell-command-buffer specifies the buffer to use
for a new asynchronous shell-command
when the default output buffer
'Async Shell Command' is already in use.
16.31. SQL mode has a new option 「sql-db2-escape-newlines」.
If non-nil, newlines sent to the command interpreter will be escaped by a backslash. The default does not escape the newlines and assumes that the sql statement will be terminated by a semicolon.
16.32. New command tabulated-list-sort
, bound to 'S' in Tabulated List mode
(and modes that derive from it), sorts the column at point, or the Nth column if a numeric prefix argument is given.
16.33. 「which-func-modes」 now defaults to t, so Which Function mode, when
enabled, applies to all applicable major modes.
16.34. 「winner-mode-hook」 now runs when the mode is disabled, as well as when
it is enabled.
16.35. Follow mode no longer works by using advice.
The option 「follow-intercept-processes」 has been removed.
16.36. 「javascript-generic-mode」 is now an obsolete alias for js-mode
.
16.37. Hooks renamed to avoid obsolete "-hooks" suffix:
16.37.1. 「semantic-lex-reset-hooks」 -> 「semantic-lex-reset-functions」
16.37.2. 「semantic-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-change-functions」
16.37.3. 「semantic-edits-new-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-edits-new-change-functions」
16.37.4. 「semantic-edits-delete-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-edits-delete-change-functions」
16.37.5. 「semantic-edits-reparse-change-hooks」 -> 「semantic-edits-reparse-change-functions」
16.37.6. 「semanticdb-save-database-hooks」 -> 「semanticdb-save-database-functions」
16.37.7. 'c-prepare-bug-report-hooks' -> 'c-prepare-bug-report-hook'
16.37.8. 「rcirc-sentinel-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-sentinel-functions」
16.37.9. 「rcirc-receive-message-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-receive-message-functions」
16.37.10. 「rcirc-activity-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-activity-functions」
16.37.11. 「rcirc-print-hooks」 -> 「rcirc-print-functions」
16.37.12. 「dbus-event-error-hooks」 -> 「dbus-event-error-functions」
16.37.13. 「eieio-pre-method-execution-hooks」 -> 「eieio-pre-method-execution-functions」
16.37.14. 「checkdoc-style-hooks」 -> 「checkdoc-style-functions」
16.37.15. 「checkdoc-comment-style-hooks」 -> 「checkdoc-comment-style-functions」
16.37.16. 「archive-extract-hooks」 -> 「archive-extract-hook」
16.37.17. 「filesets-cache-fill-content-hooks」 -> 「filesets-cache-fill-content-hook」
16.37.18. 「hfy-post-html-hooks」 -> 「hfy-post-html-hook」
16.37.19. 「nndiary-request-create-group-hooks」 -> 「nndiary-request-create-group-functions」
16.37.20. 「nndiary-request-update-info-hooks」 -> 「nndiary-request-update-info-functions」
16.37.21. 「nndiary-request-accept-article-hooks」 -> 「nndiary-request-accept-article-functions」
16.37.22. 「gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-hooks」 -> 「gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-functions」
16.38. Obsolete packages
16.38.1. assoc.el
In most cases, assoc+member+push+delq work just as well. And in any case it's just a terrible package: ugly semantics, terrible inefficiency, and not namespace-clean.
16.38.2. bruce.el
16.38.3. cust-print.el
16.38.4. ledit.el
16.38.5. mailpost.el
16.38.6. mouse-sel.el
16.38.7. patcomp.el
17. Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.3
17.1. Docstrings starting with '*' no longer indicate user options.
Only variables defined using 'defcustom' are considered user options.
The function 「user-variable-p」 is now an obsolete alias for
custom-variable-p
.
17.2. The return values of 'defalias', 'defun' and 'defmacro' have changed,
and are now undefined. For backwards compatibility, 'defun' and 'defmacro' currently return the name of the newly defined function/macro, but this should not be relied upon.
17.3. 'random' by default now returns a different random sequence in
every Emacs run. Use '(random S)', where S is a string, to set the random seed to a value based on S, in order to get a repeatable sequence in later calls.
17.4. If the NEWTEXT arg to replace-match
contains a substring "\?",
that substring is inserted literally even if the LITERAL arg is non-nil, instead of causing an error to be signaled.
17.5. select-window
now always makes the window's buffer current.
It does so even if the window was selected before.
17.6. The function 'x-select-font' can return a font spec, instead of a
font name as a string. Whether it returns a font spec or a font name depends on the graphical library.
17.7. face-spec-set
no longer sets frame-specific attributes when the
third argument is a frame (that usage was obsolete since Emacs 22.2).
17.8. set-buffer-multibyte
now signals an error in narrowed buffers.
17.9. The CL package's 「get-setf-method」 function no longer exists.
Generalized variables are now part of core Emacs Lisp, and implemented differently to the way cl.el used to do it. It is not possible to define a compatible replacement for 「get-setf-method」. See the file gv.el for internal details of the new implementation.
17.10. The arguments of 「dbus-register-signal」 are no longer just strings,
but keywords or keyword-string pairs. The old argument list will still be supported for Emacs 24.x.
17.11. Miscellaneous name changes
Some Lisp symbols have been renamed to correct their spelling, or to be more consistent with standard Emacs terminology.
17.11.1. Renamed functions
- 「hangul-input-method-inactivate」 -> 「hangul-input-method-deactivate」
- 「inactivate-input-method」 ->
deactivate-input-method
- 「quail-inactivate」 -> 「quail-deactivate」
- 「robin-inactivate」 -> 「robin-deactivate」
- 「viper-inactivate-input-method」 -> 「viper-deactivate-input-method」
- 「viper-inactivate-input-method-action」 ->
「viper-deactivate-input-method-action」
- 「ucs-input-inactivate」 -> 「ucs-input-deactivate」
17.11.2. Renamed hooks
The old hooks are still supported for backward compatibility, but they are deprecated and will be removed eventually.
17.12. Some obsolete functions, variables, and faces have been removed:
17.12.1. 「last-input-char」, 「last-command-char」, 「unread-command-char」
17.12.2. 「facemenu-unlisted-faces」
17.12.3. 「rmail-decode-mime-charset」
17.12.4. 「iswitchb-read-buffer」
17.12.5. 「sc-version」, 「sc-submit-bug-report」
17.12.6. 「set-char-table-default」
17.12.7. 「string-to-sequence」 (use string-to-list
or string-to-vector
)
17.12.8. 「compile-internal」
17.12.9. 'modeline'
17.12.10. 「mode-line-inverse-video」
17.12.11. 「follow-mode-off-hook」
17.12.12. 「cvs-commit-buffer-require-final-newline」
(use 「log-edit-require-final-newline」 instead)
17.12.13. 「cvs-changelog-full-paragraphs」
(use 「log-edit-changelog-full-paragraphs」 instead)
17.12.14. 「cvs-diff-ignore-marks」, 「cvs-diff-buffer-name」
17.12.15. 「vc-ignore-vc-files」 (use vc-handled-backends instead)
17.12.16. 「vc-master-templates」 (use vc-handled-backends instead)
17.12.17. 「vc-checkout-carefully」
18. Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.3
18.1. CL-style generalized variables are now in core Elisp.
'setf' is autoloaded; 'push' and 'pop' accept generalized variables.
You can define your own generalized variables using gv-define-simple-setter
,
gv-define-setter
, etc.
18.2. Emacs tries to macroexpand interpreted (non-compiled) files during load.
This can significantly speed up execution of non-byte-compiled code, but can also bump into previously unnoticed cyclic dependencies. These are generally harmless: they will simply cause the macro calls to be left for later expansion (as before), but will result in a warning ("Eager macro-expansion skipped due to cycle") describing the cycle. You may wish to restructure your code so this does not happen.
18.3. New sampling-based Elisp profiler.
Try M-x profiler-start, do some work, and then call M-x profiler-report. When finished, use M-x profiler-stop. The sampling rate can be based on CPU time or memory allocations.
18.4. 'defun' also accepts a (declare DECLS) form, like 'defmacro'.
The interpretation of the DECLS is determined by defun-declarations-alist.
18.5. New macros setq-local
and defvar-local
.
18.6. Face underlining can now use a wave.
18.7. read-regexp
has a new argument HISTORY; the first argument PROMPT
of read-regexp
accepts a string ending with a colon and space, and its
second argument DEFAULTS can be a list of strings accessible via 【M-n】
in the minibuffer ahead of other hard-coded useful regexp-related values.
More commands use read-regexp
now to read their regexp arguments.
18.8. Completion
18.8.1. New function completion-table-with-quoting
to handle completion
in the presence of quoting, such as file completion in shell buffers.
18.8.2. New function completion-table-subvert
to use an existing completion
table, but with a different prefix.
18.9. Debugger
18.9.1. New error type and new function user-error
.
These do not trigger the debugger.
18.9.2. New option 「debugger-bury-or-kill」, saying what to do with the
debugger buffer when exiting debug.
18.9.3. Set debug-on-message to enter the debugger when a certain
message is displayed in the echo area. This can be useful when trying to work out which code is doing something.
18.9.4. New var inhibit-debugger, automatically set to prevent accidental
recursive invocations.
18.10. Window handling
18.10.1. New command fit-frame-to-buffer
adjusts the frame height to
fit the contents.
18.10.2. The command fit-window-to-buffer
can adjust the frame height
if the new option fit-frame-to-buffer
is non-nil.
18.10.3. New macro with-temp-buffer-window
, similar to
with-output-to-temp-buffer
.
18.10.4. temp-buffer-resize-mode
no longer resizes windows that have been
reused.
18.10.5. New option switch-to-buffer-preserve-window-point to restore a
window's point when switching buffers.
18.10.6. New display action alist entries window-height
and window-width
specify the size of new windows created by display-buffer
.
18.10.7. New display action alist entry 「pop-up-frame-parameters」, if
non-nil, specifies frame parameters to give any newly-created frame.
18.10.8. New display action alist entry 「inhibit-switch-frame」, if non-nil,
tells display action functions to avoid changing which frame is selected.
18.10.9. New display action alist entry previous-window
, if non-nil,
specifies window to reuse in display-buffer-in-previous-window
.
18.10.10. New display action functions display-buffer-below-selected
,
and display-buffer-in-previous-window
.
18.10.11. The functions get-lru-window
, get-mru-window
and get-largest-window
now accept a third argument to avoid choosing the selected window.
18.10.12. Additional values recognized for option window-combination-limit
.
18.10.13. The following variables are obsolete, as they can be replaced by
appropriate entries in the display-buffer-alist function introduced in Emacs 24.1:
18.11. Time
18.11.1. current-time-string
no longer requires that its argument's year
must be in the range 1000..9999. It now works with any year supported by the underlying C implementation.
18.11.2. current-time
now returns extended-format time stamps
(HIGH LOW USEC PSEC), where the new PSEC slot specifies picoseconds.
PSEC is typically a multiple of 1000 on current machines. Other
functions that use this format, such as file-attributes
and
format-time-string
, have been changed accordingly. Old-format time
stamps are still accepted.
18.11.3. The format of timers in timer-list and timer-idle-list is now
[TRIGGERED-P HI-SECS LO-SECS USECS REPEAT-DELAY FUNCTION ARGS IDLE-DELAY PSECS]. The PSECS slot is new, and uses picosecond resolution. It can be accessed via the new 'timer–psecs' accessor.
18.11.4. Last-modified time stamps in undo lists now are of the form
(t HI-SECS LO-SECS USECS PSECS) instead of (t HI-SECS . LO-SECS).
18.12. EIEIO
18.12.1. Improved security when handling persistent objects:
- 「eieio-persistent-read」 now features optional arguments for specifying
the class to load, as well as a flag stating whether subclasses are allowed; if provided, other classes will be rejected by the reader. For compatibility with existing code, if the class is omitted only a warning is issued.
- New specialized reader for pulling in classes and signaling errors
without evaluation of suspicious code.
- All slots that contain objects must have a :type. Slots with lists
of objects must use a new type predicate for a list of an object type.
18.12.2. Support for find-function
and similar utilities, through the addition
of filename support to generated symbols.
18.13. Floating point functions now always return special values like NaN,
instead of signaling errors, if given invalid args; e.g., (log -1.0). Previously, they returned NaNs on some platforms but signaled errors on others. The affected functions are 'acos', 'asin', 'tan', 'exp', 'expt', 'log', 'log10', 'sqrt', and 'mod'.
18.14. New fringe bitmap 「exclamation-mark」.
18.15. Miscellaneous changes to special forms and macros
18.15.1. 'defun' and 'defmacro' are now macros rather than special forms.
18.15.2. 'kbd' is now a function rather than a macro.
18.16. Miscellaneous new functions
18.16.1. set-temporary-overlay-map
sets up a temporary keymap that
takes precedence over most other maps for a short while (normally one key).
18.16.2. 'autoloadp' tests if its argument is an autoloaded object.
18.16.3. autoload-do-load
performs the autoloading operation.
18.16.4. buffer-narrowed-p
tests if the buffer is narrowed.
18.16.5. file-name-base
returns a file name sans directory and extension.
18.16.6. function-get
fetches a function property, following aliases.
18.16.7. 'posnp' tests if an object is a 'posn'.
18.16.8. system-users
returns the user names on the system.
18.16.9. system-groups
returns the group names on the system.
18.16.10. tty-top-frame
returns the topmost frame of a text terminal.
18.17. The following functions and variables are obsolete:
18.17.1. 「automount-dir-prefix」 (use directory-abbrev-alist)
18.17.2. 「buffer-has-markers-at」
18.17.3. 「macro-declaration-function」 (use macro-declarations-alist)
18.17.4. 「window-system-version」 (provides no useful information)
18.17.5. 「dired-pop-to-buffer」 (use dired-mark-pop-up
)
18.17.6. 「query-replace-interactive」
18.17.7. 「font-list-limit」 (has had no effect since Emacs < 23)
19. Changes in Emacs 24.3 on Non-Free Operating Systems
19.1. Cygwin builds can use the native MS Windows user interface.
Pass '–with-w32' to configure. The default remains the X11 interface.
19.2. Two new functions are available in Cygwin builds:
「cygwin-convert-file-name-from-windows」 and 「cygwin-convert-file-name-to-windows」. These functions allow Lisp code to access the Cygwin file-name mapping machinery to convert between Cygwin and Windows-native file and directory names.
19.3. When invoked with the -nw switch to run on the Windows text-mode terminal,
Emacs now supports mouse-highlight, help-echo (in the echo area), and mouse-autoselect-window.
19.4. On MS Windows Vista and later Emacs now supports symbolic links.
19.5. On MS Windows, you can pass '–without-libxml2' to configure.bat to omit
support for libxml2, even if its presence is detected.
19.6. On OS X, the Nextstep port requires Mac OS X 10.4 or later.
19.7. On OS X, configure no longer automatically adds the Fink "/sw"
directories to the search path. You must add them yourself if you want them.
20. Changes in Emacs 24.2
20.1. This is mainly a bug-fix release.
21. Installation Changes in Emacs 24.1
21.1. Emacs can be compiled with Gtk+ 3.0 if you pass –with-x-toolkit=gtk3
to configure. Note that other libraries used by Emacs, RSVG and GConf, also depend on Gtk+. You can disable them with –without-rsvg and –without-gconf.
21.2. Emacs can be compiled with GnuTLS support.
This happens by default if a suitably recent version of the library is found at build time. To prevent this, use the configure option '–without-gnutls'. See below for GnuTLS features.
21.3. Emacs can be compiled with SELinux support.
This happens by default if a suitably recent version of the library is found at build time. To prevent this, use the configure option '–without-selinux'. See below for SELinux features.
21.4. Emacs can be compiled with ImageMagick support.
This happens by default if a suitably recent version of the library is found at build time. To prevent this, use the configure option '–without-imagemagick'. See below for ImageMagick features. This feature is not available for the Nextstep or MS ports.
21.5. Emacs can be compiled with libxml2 support.
This happens by default if a suitably recent version of the library is found at build time. To prevent this, use the configure option '–without-xml2'. See below for libxml2 features.
21.6. By default, the installed Info and man pages are compressed.
You can disable this by configuring –without-compress-info.
21.7. New configure option –with-wide-int.
With it, Emacs integers typically have 62 bits, even on 32-bit machines. On 32-bit hosts, this raises the limit on buffer sizes from about 512 MiB to about 2 GiB.
21.8. New configure options: –with-mmdf, –with-mail-unlink, –with-mailhost.
These provide no new functionality, they just remove the need to edit lib-src/Makefile by hand in order to use the associated features.
21.9. New configure option –enable-use-lisp-union-type.
This is only useful for Emacs developers to debug certain types of bugs. This is not a new feature; only the configure flag is new.
21.10. The standalone programs digest-doc and sorted-doc are removed.
Emacs now uses Lisp commands doc-file-to-man
and doc-file-to-info
.
21.11. The standalone program 'fakemail' is removed.
If you need it, feedmail.el provides a superset of the functionality.
22. Startup Changes in Emacs 24.1
22.1. The –unibyte, –multibyte, –no-multibyte, and –no-unibyte
command line arguments, and the EMACSUNIBYTE environment variable, no longer have any effect. (They were declared obsolete in Emacs 23.)
22.2. New command line option '–no-site-lisp' removes site-lisp directories
from load-path. -Q now implies this. This option does not affect the EMACSLOADPATH environment variable (and hence has no effect for Nextstep builds).
23. Changes in Emacs 24.1
23.1. Completion
23.1.1. Many packages now use the completion-at-point
command,
rather than implementing separate completion commands.
23.1.2. completion-at-point
now handles tags and semantic completion.
23.1.3. Completion in a non-minibuffer now tries to detect the end of completion
and pops down the Completions buffer accordingly.
23.1.4. New option completion-cycle-threshold allows completion cycling.
23.1.5. New option completion-category-overrides for overriding the
default completion style in certain circumstances.
23.1.6. New completion style 'substring'.
23.1.7. Completion of buffer names uses 'substring' completion by default.
23.1.8. The option 「widget-complete-field」 has been removed.
23.2. Mail changes
23.2.1. The first time you try sending mail, Emacs asks for a mail method.
This is implemented by a new default for send-mail-function, which
is sendmail-query-once
. This offers to use the smtpmail package, or
to use the old defaults relying on external mail facilities
(「sendmail-send-it」 on GNU/Linux and other Unix-like systems, and
mailclient-send-it
on Windows).
23.2.2. Typing 【C-c m】 in the buffer made by 'M-x report-emacs-bug'
transfers the report to your desktop's preferred mail client, if there is one. This uses either the "xdg-email" utility, or Mac OS's "open" command.
23.2.3. See Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages for SMTPmail changes
and Mail mode changes
23.3. Emacs server and client changes
23.3.1. New option 「server-port」 specifies the port for TCP Emacs servers.
23.3.2. New emacsclient argument -q/–quiet suppresses some status messages.
23.3.3. New emacsclient argument –frame-parameters specifies the frame
parameters of any newly-created graphical frame.
23.3.4. If emacsclient shuts down due to Emacs signaling an error,
its exit status is 1.
23.3.5. New emacsclient argument –parent-id ID.
This opens a client frame in parent X window ID, via XEmbed, similar to the –parent-id argument to Emacs.
23.4. Internationalization changes
23.4.1. Emacs now supports display and editing of bidirectional text.
Right-to-left (RTL) scripts, such as Arabic, Farsi, and Hebrew, are displayed in the correct visual order as expected by users of those scripts. The display reordering is a "full bidirectionality" class implementation of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UBA). Buffers with no RTL text should look exactly the same as before.
- New buffer-local variable bidi-display-reordering.
To disable display reordering in a buffer, change this to nil.
- New buffer-local variable bidi-paragraph-direction.
If nil (the default), Emacs determines the base direction of each paragraph from its text, as specified by the UBA. Setting the value to 「right-to-left」 or 「left-to-right」 forces a base direction on each paragraph.
Paragraphs with right-to-left base direction are displayed starting at the right window edge.
23.4.2. Enhanced support for characters with no glyphs in available fonts,
or, on text terminals, characters that cannot be encoded by the terminal coding system. The new option glyphless-char-display-control specifies how to display them: as a hexadecimal code in a box, a thin 1-pixel space, an empty box, etc.
23.4.3. New input methods for Farsi and Bulgarian
(farsi-isiri-9147, farsi-transliterate-banan, bulgarian-alt-phonetic).
23.4.4. nobreak-char-display now also highlights Unicode hyphen chars
(U+2010 and U+2011).
23.4.5. New Hebrew translation of the Emacs Tutorial.
Type 'C-u C-h t' to choose it in case your language setup doesn't automatically select it.
23.5. An Emacs Lisp package manager is now included.
This is a convenient way to download and install additional packages, from a package repository at https://elpa.gnu.org.
23.5.1. M-x list-packages shows a list of packages, which can be
selected for installation.
23.5.2. New command describe-package
, bound to 【C-h P】.
23.5.3. By default, all installed packages are loaded automatically when
Emacs starts up. To disable this, set package-enable-at-startup to nil. To specify the packages to load, customize package-load-list.
23.6. Custom theme changes
23.6.1. New command 'M-x customize-themes', which provides a convenient
interface for enabling and disabling Custom themes.
23.6.2. New option custom-theme-load-path is the load path for themes.
Emacs no longer looks for Custom themes in load-path. The default value of custom-theme-load-path says to look for themes in custom-theme-directory, followed by a subdirectory of data-directory named "themes/", which contains a small selection of built-in Custom themes.
23.6.3. New option custom-safe-themes records known-safe theme files.
If a theme is not in this list, Emacs queries before loading it, and offers to save the theme to custom-safe-themes automatically. By default, all themes included in Emacs are treated as safe.
23.7. Improved GTK integration
23.7.1. GTK scroll-bars are now placed on the right by default.
The function set-scroll-bar-mode
can change this.
23.7.2. GTK tool bars can have just text, just images or images and text.
Customize tool-bar-style to choose the style. On a Gnome desktop, the default is taken from desktop settings.
23.7.3. GTK tool bars can be placed on any edge of the frame.
The frame-parameter tool-bar-position controls this. It takes the values top, left, right or bottom. The Options => Show/Hide menu has entries for this.
23.7.4. The default colors for selected text (the 'region' face) are taken
from the GTK theme when Emacs is built with GTK.
23.7.5. Emacs uses GTK tooltips by default if built with GTK.
You can disable this by changing 'x-gtk-use-system-tooltips' to nil.
23.8. Graphical interface changes
23.8.1. On graphical displays, the mode-line no longer ends in dashes.
Also, the first dash (which does not indicate anything) is just displayed as a space.
23.8.2. menu-bar-select-buffer-function lets you choose another operation
instead of switch-to-buffer
when selecting an item in the Buffers menu.
23.8.3. Lucid menus and dialogs can display antialiased fonts if Emacs is
built with Xft. These fonts can be set via X resources, for example: Emacs.pane.menubar.font: Courier-12
23.9. Exiting changes
23.9.1. Emacs now calls kill-emacs
if it receives SIGTERM or SIGHUP,
or if it receives a SIGINT signal in batch mode.
23.9.2. kill-emacs-hook is now also run in batch mode.
Third-party code which adds to kill-emacs-hook should check if they do the right thing in batch mode.
23.10. Scrolling changes
23.10.1. New scrolling commands scroll-up-command
and scroll-down-command
(bound to C-v/[next] and M-v/[prior]) do not signal errors at top/bottom of buffer at first key-press (instead they move to top/bottom of buffer) when scroll-error-top-bottom is non-nil.
23.10.2. New option scroll-error-top-bottom (see above).
23.10.3. New scrolling commands scroll-up-line
and scroll-down-line
scroll a line instead of full screen.
23.10.4. New property 「scroll-command」 should be set on a command's symbol to
define it as a scroll command affected by scroll-preserve-screen-position.
23.10.5. If you customize scroll-conservatively to a value greater than 100,
Emacs will never recenter point in the window when it scrolls due to cursor motion commands or commands that move point (e.f., 'M-g M-g'). Previously, you needed to use most-positive-fixnum as the value of scroll-conservatively to achieve the same effect.
23.10.6. "Aggressive" scrolling now honors the scroll margins.
If you customize scroll-up-aggressively or scroll-down-aggressively and move point off the window, Emacs now scrolls the window so as to avoid positioning point inside the scroll margin.
23.11. Basic SELinux support has been added.
This requires Emacs to be linked with libselinux at build time.
23.11.1. Emacs preserves the SELinux file context when backing up.
Also, the function copy-file
has an extra optional argument for
preserving SELinux context, and the return value of backup-buffer
now includes the SELinux context.
23.11.2. New functions file-selinux-context
and set-file-selinux-context
get and set the SELinux context of a file.
23.12. Trash changes
23.12.1. delete-by-moving-to-trash now only affects commands that specify
trashing. This avoids inadvertently trashing temporary files.
23.12.2. Calling delete-file
or delete-directory
with a prefix argument
now forces true deletion, regardless of delete-by-moving-to-trash.
23.13. File- and directory-local variable changes
23.13.1. You can stop directory local vars from applying to subdirectories.
Add an element (subdirs . nil) to the alist portion of any variables settings to indicate that the section should not apply to subdirectories.
23.13.2. Directory local variables can apply to some file-less buffers.
Affected modes include dired, vc-dir, and log-edit. For example,
adding "(diff-mode . ((mode . whitespace)))" to .dir-locals.el will
turn on whitespace-mode
for vc-diff buffers. Modes should call
hack-dir-local-variables-non-file-buffer
to support this.
23.13.3. Using "mode: MINOR-MODE" to enable a minor mode is deprecated.
Instead, use "eval: (minor-mode 1)".
23.13.4. The variable 「inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps」 has been renamed
to inhibit-local-variables-regexps. As the name suggests, it now applies to ALL file local variables, not just -*- lines. The associated 「inhibit-first-line-modes-suffixes」 has been renamed in the corresponding way.
23.14. Window changes
23.14.1. The quit-window
command now restores the last buffer displayed
in the quitted window.
23.14.2. Resizing an Emacs frame now preserves proportional window sizes,
modulo restrictions like window minimum sizes and fixed-size windows.
23.14.3. The behavior of display-buffer
is now customizable in detail.
- New option display-buffer-base-action specifies a list of
user-determined display "actions" (functions and optional arguments for choosing the displaying window).
This takes precedence over the default display action, which is specified by display-buffer-fallback-action.
- New option display-buffer-alist maps buffer name regexps to
display actions, taking precedence over display-buffer-base-action.
23.14.4. New option window-combination-limit
.
The new option window-combination-limit
allows to return the space
obtained for resizing or creating a window more reliably to the window
from which such space was obtained.
23.14.5. New option window-combination-resize.
The new option window-combination-resize allows to split a window that otherwise cannot be split because it's too small by stealing space from other windows in the same combination. Subsequent resizing or deletion of the window will resize all windows in the same combination as well.
23.14.6. New option frame-auto-hide-function lets you choose between
iconifying or deleting a frame when burying a buffer in a dedicated frame, or quitting a window showing a buffer in a frame of its own.
23.14.7. New commands maximize-window
and minimize-window
.
These maximize and minimize the size of a window within its frame.
23.14.8. New commands switch-to-prev-buffer
and switch-to-next-buffer
.
These functions allow to navigate through the live buffers that have been shown in a specific window.
23.15. Minibuffer changes
23.15.1. The inactive minibuffer has its own major mode minibuffer-inactive-mode
.
This is handy for minibuffer-only frames, and is also used for the feature where mouse-1 pops up Messages"', which can now easily be changed.
23.15.2. Minibuffers set truncate-lines to nil.
If you want to change the value to something else, you could use for example minibuffer-setup-hook.
23.16. auto-mode-case-fold is now enabled by default.
23.17. backup-by-copying-when-mismatch now defaults to t.
23.18. New basic faces 'error', 'warning', 'success'.
These are used to highlight text indicating failure, caution or successful operation.
23.19. New option list-colors-sort defines the color sort order
for list-colors-display
.
23.20. The variable focus-follows-mouse now always defaults to nil.
24. Editing Changes in Emacs 24.1
24.1. Search changes
24.1.1. C-y in Isearch is now bound to isearch-yank-kill
, instead of
isearch-yank-line
.
24.1.2. M-y in Isearch is now bound to isearch-yank-pop
, instead of
isearch-yank-kill
.
24.1.3. M-s C-e in Isearch is now bound to isearch-yank-line
.
24.2. New commands count-words-region
and count-words
.
24.2.1. M-= is bound to count-words-region
, not 「count-lines-region」.
The count-words-region
command, when called interactively, reports
the number of lines, words, and characters in the region. It is a
superset of the old 「count-lines-region」, which is now an obsolete
alias for it.
24.3. The command just-one-space
(M-SPC), if given a negative argument,
also deletes newlines around point.
24.4. Deletion changes
24.4.1. New option delete-active-region
.
If non-nil, [delete] and DEL delete the region if it is active and no prefix argument is given. If set to 'kill', those commands kill instead.
24.4.2. New command delete-forward-char
, bound to [delete].
This is meant for interactive use, and obeys delete-active-region
.
The command delete-char
does not obey delete-active-region
.
24.4.3. delete-backward-char
is now a Lisp function.
Apart from obeying delete-active-region
, its behavior is unchanged.
However, the byte compiler now warns if it is called from Lisp; Lisp
callers should use delete-char with a negative argument instead.
24.4.4. The option 「mouse-region-delete-keys」 has been deleted.
24.5. Selection changes.
The default handling of clipboard and primary selections has been changed to conform with modern X applications. In short, most commands for killing and yanking text now use the clipboard, while mouse commands use the primary selection.
In the following, we provide a list of these changes, followed by a list of steps to get the old behavior back if you prefer that.
24.5.1. select-active-regions now defaults to t.
Merely selecting text (e.g. with drag-mouse-1) no longer puts it in the kill ring. The selected text is put in the primary selection, if the system possesses a separate primary selection facility (e.g. X).
- select-active-regions also accepts a new value, 'only'.
This means to only set the primary selection for temporarily active regions (usually made by mouse-dragging or shift-selection); "ordinary" active regions, such as those made with C-SPC followed by point motion, do not alter the primary selection.
- mouse-drag-copy-region now defaults to nil.
24.5.2. mouse-2 is now bound to mouse-yank-primary
.
This pastes from the primary selection, ignoring the kill-ring.
Previously, mouse-2 was bound to mouse-yank-at-click
.
24.5.3. 'x-select-enable-clipboard' now defaults to t on all platforms.
24.5.4. 'x-select-enable-primary' now defaults to nil.
Thus, commands that kill text or copy it to the kill-ring (such as M-w, C-w, and C-k) also use the clipboard—not the primary selection.
24.5.5. To return to the previous behavior, do the following:
24.5.6. Support for X cut buffers has been removed.
24.5.7. X clipboard managers are now supported.
To inhibit this, change 'x-select-enable-clipboard-manager' to nil.
24.6. New command 【C-x r N】 (rectangle-number-lines
) numbers the lines
in the current rectangle. With a prefix argument, this prompts for a number to count from and for a format string.
24.7. redisplay-dont-pause now defaults to t.
This makes Emacs feel more responsive to editing commands that arrive at high rate, example: if you lean on some key, because stopping redisplay in the middle (when this variable is nil) forces more expensive updates later on, and Emacs appears to be unable to keep up.
24.8. The behavior of <TAB> for active regions in Text mode has changed.
In Text and related modes, typing <TAB> (indent-for-tab-command
)
when the region is active causes Emacs to indent all the lines in the
region, aligning them with the line previous to the first line in the
region (or with the left margin if there is no previous line).
24.9. When 'occur' is called with a prefix argument, matching strings are
collected into the 'Occur' buffer without line numbers. If there
are parenthesized subexpressions in the specified regexp, 'occur'
reads replacement text that may contain \\& and \\N whose convention
follows replace-match
.
25. Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.1
25.1. Archive Mode has basic support for browsing and updating 7z archives.
25.2. BibTeX mode
25.2.1. BibTeX mode now supports biblatex.
Use the variable 「bibtex-dialect」 to select different BibTeX dialects. 「bibtex-entry-field-alist」 is now an obsolete alias for 「bibtex-BibTeX-entry-alist」.
25.2.2. New command 「bibtex-search-entries」, bound to C-c C-a.
25.2.3. New 「bibtex-entry-format」 option sort-fields
, disabled by default.
25.2.4. New variable 「bibtex-search-entry-globally」.
25.3. Browse-url
25.3.1. New option browse-url-mailto-function specifies how to handle "mailto:%22s.
25.3.2. The default browser used by the package is now the "xdg-open" program,
on platforms that support it. This calls your desktop's preferred browser.
25.4. Calc
25.4.1. Support for musical notes.
25.4.2. Support for logarithmic units.
25.4.3. No longer uses the tex prefix for TeX specific unit names when
using TeX or LaTeX mode.
25.4.4. New option to highlight selections using faces.
25.4.5. 「calc-histogram」 has the option of using a vector to determine the bins.
25.4.6. New "O" option prefix.
25.4.7. Use the "O" prefix to "d r" (「calc-radix」) to turn on twos-complement mode.
25.5. Calendar, Diary, and Appt
25.5.1. Diary entries can contain non-printing "comments".
See the variable 「diary-comment-start」.
25.5.2. Appointments can specify their individual warning times.
See the variable 「appt-warning-time-regexp」.
25.5.3. The function specified by 「appt-disp-window-function」 may be passed
lists of arguments if multiple appointments are due at similar times. If you are using a custom function for this, you should update it.
25.5.4. New function 「diary-hebrew-birthday」.
25.5.5. Elements of 「calendar-day-abbrev-array」 and 「calendar-month-abbrev-array」
may no longer be nil, but must all be strings.
25.5.6. The obsolete (since Emacs 22.1) method of enabling the appt
package by adding 「appt-make-list」 to 「diary-hook」 has been removed.
Use appt-activate
instead.
25.5.7. Some appt variables (obsolete since Emacs 22.1) have been removed:
appt-issue-message (use the function appt-activate) appt-visible/appt-msg-window (use the variable appt-display-format)
25.5.8. Some diary function aliases (obsolete since Emacs 22.1) have been removed:
view-diary-entries, list-diary-entries, show-all-diary-entries
25.6. CC Mode
25.6.1. New feature to "guess" the style in an existing buffer.
The main entry point is M-x c-guess.
25.6.2. Java Mode now supports Java 5.0 (Tiger) and 6 (Mustang).
25.6.3. 'c-beginning-of-defun' and 'c-end-of-defun' now respect nested scopes.
Thus C-M-a will, by default, go to the beginning of the immediate function, not the top level.
25.6.4. "Macros with semicolons" can be registered for correct indentation.
Where such a macro ends a line (no semicolon) the next statement is no longer parsed as a statement continuation.
25.7. Comint and modes derived from it use the standard completion code.
25.8. Compilation mode
25.8.1. Compilation mode can be used without Font Lock mode.
「compilation-parse-errors-function」 is now obsolete.
25.8.2. New variable 「compilation-filter-start」, which is bound while
「compilation-filter-hook」 runs. It records the start position of the text inserted by 「compilation-filter」.
25.8.3. 「compilation-error-screen-columns」 and 「compilation-first-column」
are obeyed in the editing buffer. So programming language modes can set them, whereas previously only the value in the Compilation buffer was used.
25.9. Customize
25.9.1. Customize buffers now contain a search field.
The search is performed using customize-apropos
.
To turn off the search field, set custom-search-field to nil.
25.9.2. Options in customize group buffers start out hidden if not customized.
Use the arrow to the left of the option name to toggle visibility.
25.9.3. custom-buffer-sort-alphabetically now defaults to t.
25.9.4. The color widget now has a "Choose" button, which allows you to
choose a color via list-colors-display
.
25.10. D-Bus
25.10.1. It is now possible to access buses other than the default system
or session bus.
25.10.2. The 「dbus-register-method」 and 「dbus-register-property」 functions
optionally do not register names.
25.10.3. The new function 「dbus-register-service」 registers a known service
name on a D-Bus without also registering a property or a method.
25.11. Dired-x
25.11.1. C-x C-j (dired-jump
) and C-x 4 C-j (dired-jump-other-window
),
if called with a prefix argument, read a file name from the minibuffer instead of using the current buffer.
25.11.2. The "dired local variables" feature of Dired-x is obsolete.
The standard directory local variables feature replaces it.
25.12. ERC changes
25.12.1. New options 「erc-autojoin-timing」 and 「erc-autojoin-delay」,
controlling attempts to autojoin a channel.
25.12.2. New variable 「erc-coding-system-precedence」: If we use 'undecided'
as the server coding system, this variable will then be consulted. The default is to decode strings that can be decoded as utf-8 as utf-8, and do the normal 'undecided' decoding for the rest.
25.13. Eshell changes
25.13.1. The default value of 「eshell-directory-name」 has changed
to be an "eshell" directory in user-emacs-directory. The old "~/.eshell/" directory is still used if it exists, though.
25.14. gdb-mi
25.14.1. The M-x gdb command now uses the GDB Machine Interface protocol.
It now supports multithread non-stop debugging and simultaneous debugging of several threads.
25.15. Image mode
25.15.1. RET (image-toggle-animation
) toggles animation, if applicable.
Animation plays once, unless the option image-animate-loop is non-nil.
25.16. Info
25.16.1. New command M-x info-display-manual displays a named Info manual.
If that manual is already visited in some Info buffer, it displays that buffer. (This is handy if you have many manuals in many info buffers, and don't remember the name of the buffer visiting the manual you want to consult.) Otherwise, it loads and displays the manual.
25.16.2. 'e' is now bound to end-of-buffer
rather than to 「Info-edit」.
This is for compatibility with the stand-alone Info reader program, and also because 「Info-edit」 is a rarely used command that is disabled by default.
25.17. Mail mode changes (not Message mode)
25.17.1. New command M-x mail-add-attachment for adding MIME attachments
25.17.2. The command M-x mail-attach-file was renamed to M-x mail-insert-file.
(Its name is misleading, since it has nothing to do with MIME attachments.) The old name is now an obsolete alias to the new name.
25.18. MH-E has been updated to MH-E version 8.3.1.
See MH-E-NEWS for details.
25.19. Modula-2 mode provides auto-indentation.
25.20. mpc.el: Can use pseudo tags of the form tag1|tag2 as a union of two tags.
25.21. nXML mode no longer binds C-RET to nxml-complete
.
Completion is now performed via completion-at-point
, bound to C-M-i
or M-TAB. If nxml-bind-meta-tab-to-complete-flag is non-nil (the
default), this performs tag completion.
25.22. Org mode has been updated to version 7.8.09.
See ORG-NEWS for details.
25.23. Prolog mode has been completely revamped, with lots of additional
functionality such as more intelligent indentation, electricity, support for more variants, including Mercury, and a lot more.
25.24. Rmail
25.24.1. The command 「rmail-epa-decrypt」 decrypts OpenPGP data
in the Rmail incoming message.
25.24.2. The variable 「rmail-message-filter」 no longer has any effect.
This change was made in Emacs 23.1 but was not advertised at the time. Try using rmail-show-message-hook instead.
25.25. Shell mode
25.25.1. M-x shell prompts for the shell path name if the default directory
is a remote file name and neither the environment variable $ESHELL nor the variable 「explicit-shell-file-name」 is set.
25.25.2. TAB is now bound to the standard completion-at-point
command,
which now implements the pcomplete rules for shell command completion.
25.26. SMTPmail
25.26.1. SMTPmail now uses encrypted connections (via STARTTLS) by default
if the mail server supports them. This uses either built-in GnuTLS support, or the starttls.el library. Customize 「smtpmail-stream-type」 to change this.
25.26.2. The variable 「smtpmail-auth-credentials」 has been removed.
By default, the information is now stored in the file ~/.authinfo. This was the default value of smtpmail-auth-credentials. If you had customized smtpmail-auth-credentials to a list of user names and passwords, those settings are not used. During your first connection to the smtp server, Emacs will prompt for the user name and password, and offer to save them to ~/.authinfo. Or you can manually copy the credentials to ~/.authinfo. For example, if you had
(setq smtpmail-auth-credentials '(("mail.example.org" 25 "jim" "s!cret")))
then the equivalent line in ~/.authinfo would be
machine mail.example.org port 25 login jim password s!cret
See the auth-source manual for more information, example: on encrypting the credentials file.
25.26.3. The variable 「smtpmail-starttls-credentials」 has been removed.
If you had that set, you need to put
machine smtp.whatever.foo port 25 key "~/.mysmtptls.key" cert "~/.mysmtptls.cert"
in your ~/.authinfo file instead.
25.26.4. SMTPmail defaults to using the address in the From: header as the
SMTP MAIL FROM envelope. To override this, set 「mail-envelope-from」 to the address you wish to use instead.
25.27. SQL mode
25.27.1. New options 「sql-port」, 「sql-connection-alist」, 「sql-send-terminator」,
and 「sql-oracle-scan-on」.
25.27.2. New options controlling prompting for login parameters.
Each supported product has a custom variable 'sql-*-login-params', which is a list of the parameters to be prompted for before a connection is established.
25.27.3. The command sql-product-interactive
now takes a prefix argument,
which causes it to prompt for an SQL product.
25.27.4. Product-specific SQL interactive commands now take prefix arguments.
These commands (sql-sqlite
, sql-postgres
, sql-mysql
, etc.),
given a prefix argument, prompt for a name for the SQL interactive
buffer. This reduces the need for calling 「sql-rename-buffer」.
25.27.5. SQL interactive modes suppress command continuation prompts, and
replace tabs with spaces. The first change impacts multiple line SQL statements entered with C-j between each line, statements yanked into the buffer and statements sent with 'sql-send-' functions. The second prevents the MySQL and Postgres interpreters from listing object name completions when sent text via 'sql-send-' functions.
25.27.6. New command sql-connect
starts a predefined SQLi session,
using the login parameters from 「sql-connection-alist」.
25.27.7. New "Save Connection" menu item in SQLi buffers.
This gathers the login params specified for the SQLi session, if it was not started by a connection, and saves them as a new connection.
25.27.8. New commands for listing database objects and details:
sql-list-all and sql-list-table.
25.27.9. An API for manipulating SQL product definitions has been added.
25.28. TeX modes
25.28.1. latex-electric-env-pair-mode keeps \begin..\end matched on the fly.
25.29. Tramp
25.29.1. New inline access method "ksu" (kerberized su).
25.29.2. The following access methods are discontinued: "ssh1old",
"ssh2old", "scp1old", "scp2old", "imap", "imaps" and "fish".
25.29.3. The user option remote-file-name-inhibit-cache controls whether
remote file attributes are cached for better performance.
25.29.4. The option 「ange-ftp-binary-file-name-regexp」 has changed its
default value to "".
25.29.5. Handlers for file-selinux-context
and set-file-selinux-context
for remote machines which support SELinux.
25.30. New function url-queue-retrieve
, which behaves like url-retrieve
,
but with limits (「url-queue-parallel-processes」, 「url-queue-timeout」) on the degree of parallelism.
25.31. VC and related modes
25.31.1. Support for pulling on distributed version control systems.
The command C-x v + (vc-pull
) runs a "pull" operation, if it is
supported (currently with Bzr, Git, and Mercurial), to update the
current branch and working tree. A prefix argument means to prompt
the user for specifics, example: a pull location.
25.31.2. vc-update
is now an alias for vc-pull
.
25.31.3. Support for merging on distributed version control systems.
The command C-x v m (vc-merge
) now runs a "merge" operation, if it
is supported (currently with Bzr, Git, and Mercurial), to merge
changes from another branch into the current one. It prompts for
specifics, example: a merge source.
25.31.4. New option 「vc-revert-show-diff」 controls whether vc-revert
shows a diff while querying the user. It defaults to t.
25.31.5. Log entries in some Log View buffers can be toggled to display a
longer description by typing RET (log-view-toggle-entry-display).
This is currently supported for Bzr, Git, and Mercurial (to support
another backend, define a 「log-view-expanded-log-entry-function」).
In the Log View buffers made by C-x v L (vc-print-root-log
), you can
use this to display the full log entry for the revision at point.
25.31.6. New command vc-ediff
allows visual comparison of two revisions
of a file similar to vc-diff
, but using ediff backend.
25.31.7. The option 「vc-initial-comment」 was removed in Emacs 23.2, but
this was not advertised at the time.
25.31.8. 「vc-toggle-read-only」 is an obsolete alias for 「toggle-read-only」.
Since Emacs 23, it has done the same thing as 「toggle-read-only」, but this was not advertised at the time.
25.32. Obsolete modes
25.32.1. abbrevlist.el
25.32.2. erc-hecomplete.el (use erc-pcomplete.el instead)
25.32.3. partial-completion-mode (complete.el) is obsolete.
You can get a comparable behavior with: (setq completion-styles '(partial-completion initials)) (setq completion-pcm-complete-word-inserts-delimiters t)
25.32.4. pc-mode.el is obsolete (CUA mode is much more comprehensive).
25.32.5. pgg is obsolete (use EasyPG instead).
25.32.6. sregex.el is obsolete, since rx.el is a strict superset.
25.32.7. s-region.el and pc-select.el are obsolete.
They are superseded by shift-select-mode, enabled by default since 23.1.
25.32.8. vc-mcvs.el is obsolete (for lack of a maintainer).
25.33. Miscellaneous
25.33.1. The Landmark game is now invoked with 'landmark', not 'lm'.
Its functions and variables have been similarly renamed.
25.33.2. In 「ido-file-completion-map」, C-v is no longer bound to 「ido-toggle-vc」.
(This interfered with cua-mode.)
25.33.3. f90.el has some support for Fortran 2008 syntax.
25.33.4. copyright-fix-years
can optionally convert consecutive years to ranges.
25.33.5. New command nato-region
converts text to NATO phonetic alphabet.
26. New Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.1
26.1. Occur Edit mode applies edits made in Occur buffers to the
original buffers. It is bound to "e" in Occur mode.
26.2. New global minor mode electric-pair-mode
.
When enabled, typing an open parenthesis automatically inserts the matching closing one.
26.3. New global minor mode electric-indent-mode
.
When enabled, typing certain characters triggers reindentation. Major modes wishing to use this can set electric-indent-chars or electric-indent-functions.
26.4. New global minor mode electric-layout-mode
.
When enabled, typing certain characters automatically inserts newlines. Major modes wishing to use this can set electric-layout-rules.
26.5. tabulated-list.el provides a generic major mode for tabulated data,
from which other modes can be derived.
26.6. pcase.el provides the ML-style pattern matching macro 'pcase'.
26.7. secrets.el is an implementation of the Secret Service API, an
interface to password managers like GNOME Keyring or KDE Wallet. The Secret Service API requires D-Bus for communication. The command 「secrets-show-secrets」 offers a buffer with a visualization of the secrets.
26.8. notifications.el provides an implementation of the Desktop
Notifications API. It requires D-Bus for communication.
26.9. soap-client.el supports access to SOAP web services from Emacs.
soap-inspect.el is an interactive inspector for SOAP WSDL structures.
26.10. New generic mode, xmodmap-generic-mode, for xmodmap files.
26.11. New emacs-lock.el package.
The previous version has been moved to obsolete/old-emacs-lock.el.
Now, there is a proper minor mode emacs-lock-mode
. Protection
against exiting Emacs and killing the buffer can be set separately.
The mechanism for automatically turning off protection for buffers
with dead inferior processes has been generalized.
27. Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.1
27.1. Passing a nil argument to a minor mode function call now ENABLES
the minor mode unconditionally. This is so that you can write e.g.
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook #'foo-mode)
to enable foo-mode in Text mode buffers, removing the need for
「turn-on-foo-mode」 style functions. This affects all mode commands
defined by define-minor-mode
. If called interactively, the mode
command still toggles the minor mode.
27.2. The return value of backup-buffer
has changed.
It is now a list of three elements, where the second element is a list describing the original file's SELinux context. If Emacs or the system lacks SELinux support, the context list is (nil nil nil nil). See "Basic SELinux support" above, under "Changes in Emacs 24.1".
27.3. 「char-direction-table」 and the 「char-direction」 function were deleted.
They were buggy and inferior to the new support of bidirectional
editing introduced in Emacs 24. If you need the bidirectional
properties of a character, use get-char-code-property
with the last
argument 「bidi-class」.
27.4. copy-directory
now copies the source directory as a subdirectory
of the target directory, if the latter is an existing directory. The new optional arg COPY-CONTENTS, if non-nil, makes the function copy the contents directly into a pre-existing target directory.
27.5. For mouse click input events in the text area, the Y pixel
coordinate in the POSITION list now counts from the top of the text area, excluding any header line. Previously, it counted from the top of the header line.
27.6. Support for "old-style" backquotes, obsolete for 10+ years, has
been further reduced. Now a backquote not followed by a space is always treated as a "new-style" backquote. Please remove all "old-style" backquotes from your code. If your code uses backquotes as documented in the Elisp manual, and compiles without warning, then you have nothing to do in this regard. Code not following the appropriate conventions may fail to compile.
The most common cause of trouble seems to be an old-style backquote followed by a newline. Another cause of trouble is vector notation for key sequence notation: instead of [(control ,)] and [(control ')], you should write [(control ?,)] and [(control ?')], which will work in older Emacsen too.
27.7. The macro 「eval-at-startup」 was removed in Emacs 23.2, but this
was not advertised at the time. The function custom-initialize-delay
replaced all known uses.
27.8. view-buffer
now treats special mode-class in the same way that
view-file
has since Emacs 22 (i.e. it won't enable View mode if the
major mode is special).
27.9. Menu and tool bar changes
27.9.1. During startup, Emacs no longer adds entries for 「menu-bar-lines」
and 「tool-bar-lines」 to default-frame-alist and initial-frame-alist.
With these alist entries omitted, make-frame
checks the value of the
variable menu-bar-mode
tool-bar-mode
to determine whether to create
a menu-bar or tool-bar, respectively. If the alist entries are added,
they override the value of menu-bar-mode
tool-bar-mode
.
27.9.2. The menu bar bindings's caches are not used any more.
Use (where-is-internal <def> nil t) instead.
27.10. Regions created by mouse dragging are now normal active regions,
similar to those created by shift-selection (see Selection changes above). In previous Emacs versions, these regions were delineated by 「mouse-drag-overlay」; that variable has been removed.
27.11. The fourth argument of filter-buffer-substring
has been removed.
If you want to remove text properties from the final result, simply pass the result through substring-no-properties.
27.12. cl.el no longer provides 「cl-19」.
27.13. The following obsolete functions and aliases have been removed
(the appropriate new function is given in parentheses; "not needed" means you can just remove all calls to the function in question):
27.13.1. 「comint-kill-output」 (comint-delete-output
)
27.13.2. 「decompose-composite-char」 (char-to-string
)
27.13.3. 「outline-visible」 (「outline-invisible-p」)
27.13.4. 「internal-find-face」 ('facep')
27.13.5. 「internal-get-face」 ('facep' and check-face
)
27.13.6. 「frame-update-faces」 (not needed)
27.13.7. 「frame-update-face-colors」 (frame-set-background-mode
)
27.13.8. 'x-frob-font-weight' and 'x-frob-font-slant' ('make-face-*' functions)
27.13.9. 'x-make-font-bold' and 'x-make-font-demibold' (make-face-bold
)
27.13.10. 'x-make-font-italic' and 'x-make-font-oblique' (make-face-italic
)
27.13.11. 'x-make-font-bold-italic' (make-face-bold-italic
)
27.13.12. 'x-make-font-unbold' (make-face-unbold
)
27.13.13. 'x-make-font-unitalic' (make-face-unitalic
)
27.13.14. 「mldrag-drag-mode-line」 (mouse-drag-mode-line
)
27.13.15. 「mldrag-drag-vertical-line」 (mouse-drag-vertical-line
)
27.13.16. 「iswitchb-default-keybindings」 (iswitchb-mode
)
27.13.17. 「char-bytes」 (== 1)
27.13.18. 「isearch-return-char」 (isearch-printing-char
)
27.13.19. 「make-local-hook」 (not needed)
27.13.20. 「set-screen-height」 (set-frame-height
)
27.13.21. 「set-screen-width」 (set-frame-width
)
27.14. The following obsolete variables and varaliases have been removed
(the appropriate new variable is given in parentheses):
27.14.1. 「checkdoc-minor-keymap」 (「checkdoc-minor-mode-map」)
27.14.2. 「vc-header-alist」 (「vc-BACKEND-header」)
27.14.3. 「directory-sep-char」 (== ?/)
27.14.4. 「font-lock-defaults-alist」 (font-lock-defaults)
27.14.5. 'e' (float-e).
27.15. The following obsolete files were removed:
sc.el, x-menu.el, rnews.el, rnewspost.el
27.16. The format of the finder-inf.el file has changed, since the Finder
mechanism is now based on the package system. The variable 「finder-package-info」 is replaced by 'package–builtins' and 「finder-keywords-hash」.
27.17. When generating autoloads, update-directory-autoloads
no longer
assumes every inspected file is in your load-path. It instead generates relative names according to the current load-path.
28. Lisp Changes in Emacs 24.1
28.1. Code can now use lexical scoping by default instead of dynamic scoping.
The lexical-binding variable enables lexical scoping for local variables. It is typically set via a file-local variable in the first line of the file, in which case it applies to all the code in that file.
28.1.1. 'eval' takes a new optional argument 'lexical' to choose the new lexical
binding instead of the old dynamic binding mode.
28.1.2. Lexically scoped interpreted functions are represented with a new form
of function value which looks like (closure ENV ARGS &rest BODY).
28.1.3. New macro 'letrec' to define recursive local functions.
28.1.4. 'defvar' and 'defconst' now mark the variable as special (dynamic).
So do 'defcustom' and other forms that call 'defvar' as a subroutine.
28.1.5. New function special-variable-p
to check whether a variable is
declared as dynamically bound.
28.1.6. The form ((lambda …) …) is deprecated.
28.2. An Emacs Lisp testing tool is now included.
Emacs Lisp developers can use this tool to write automated tests for their code. See the ERT info manual for details.
28.3. Changes for bidirectional display and editing
28.3.1. New function current-bidi-paragraph-direction
.
This returns the base direction of the paragraph at point.
28.3.2. New function bidi-string-mark-left-to-right
.
Given a string containing characters from right-to-left scripts, this function returns another string which can be safely inserted into a buffer, such that any following text will be always displayed to the right of that string. (This works by appending an invisible Unicode "LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK" character if the argument string might need it.)
This is useful when the buffer has overall left-to-right paragraph direction and you need to insert a string whose contents are not known in advance, without disrupting the layout of the line.
28.4. Window changes
28.4.1. Window tree functions are accessible in Elisp.
Functions are provided to return the parent, siblings or child windows of any window including internal windows (windows not associated with a buffer) in the window tree.
- New function
window-valid-p
gives non-nil for live and internal
windows.
- Window manipulation can deal with internal windows.
Many window handling functions like
split-window
,delete-window
, ordelete-other-windows
as well as the window resizing functions can now act on any window including internal ones.
28.4.2. window-total-height/-width vs window-body-height/-width.
The function window-height
has been renamed to window-total-height
and window-width
has been renamed to window-body-width
. The old
names are provided as aliases. Two new functions window-total-width
and window-body-height
are provided.
28.4.3. Window parameters specific to window handling functions.
For each window you can specify a parameter to override the default
behavior of a number of functions like split-window
, delete-window
and delete-other-windows
. The variable ignore-window-parameters
allows to ignore processing such parameters.
28.4.4. New semantics of third argument of split-window
.
The third argument of split-window
has been renamed to SIDE and can be
set to any of the values 'below, 'right, 'above, or 'left to make the
new window appear on the corresponding side of the window that shall be
split. Any other value of SIDE will cause split-window
to split the
window into two side-by-side windows as before.
28.4.5. Window resizing functions.
A new standard function for resizing windows called window-resize
has
been introduced. This and all other functions for resizing windows no
longer delete any windows when they become too small.
28.4.6. Deleting the selected window now selects the most recently selected
live window on that frame instead.
28.4.7. adjust-window-trailing-edge
adjustments.
adjust-window-trailing-edge
can now deal with fixed-size windows and
is able to resize other windows if a window adjacent to the trailing
edge cannot be shrunk any more. This makes its behavior more similar to
that of Emacs 21 without compromising, however, its inability to delete
windows which was introduced in Emacs 22.
28.4.8. Window-local buffer lists.
Windows now have local buffer lists. This means that removing a buffer from display in a window will preferably show the buffer previously shown in that window with its previous window-start and window-point positions. This also means that the same buffer may be automatically shown twice even if it already appears in another window.
28.4.9. switch-to-buffer
has a new optional argument FORCE-SAME-WINDOW,
which if non-nil requires the buffer to be displayed in the currently selected window, signaling an error otherwise. If nil, another window can be used, example: if the selected one is strongly dedicated.
28.4.10. split-window-vertically
and split-window-horizontally
renamed
to split-window-below
and split-window-right
respectively.
The old names are kept as aliases.
28.4.11. Display actions
- The second arg to
display-buffer
andpop-to-buffer
is now
named ACTION, and takes a display action of the same form as display-buffer-base-action (see Changes, above). A non-nil, non-list value is treated specially, as the old meaning.
- New variable display-buffer-overriding-action.
- The procedure of
display-buffer
etc. to choose a window is
determined by combining display-buffer-overriding-action, display-buffer-alist, the ACTION arg, display-buffer-base-action, and display-buffer-fallback-action. The second and fourth of these are user-customizable variables.
See the docstring of
display-buffer
for details.
28.4.12. New functions window-state-get
and window-state-put
.
These functions allow to save and restore the state of an arbitrary frame or window as an Elisp object.
28.5. Completion
28.5.1. New variable completion-extra-properties used to specify extra
properties of the current completion:
- :annotation-function, same as the old completion-annotate-function.
- :exit-function, function to call after completion took place.
28.5.2. Functions on completion-at-point-functions can return any of the
properties valid for completion-extra-properties.
28.5.3. 「completion-annotate-function」 is obsolete.
28.5.4. New 'metadata' method for completion tables. The metadata thus returned
can specify various details of the data returned by all-completions
:
- 'category' is the kind of objects returned (e.g., 'buffer', 'file', …), used to select a style in completion-category-overrides.
- 「annotation-function」 to add annotations in Completions.
- 「display-sort-function」 to specify how to sort entries in Completions.
- 「cycle-sort-function」 to specify how to sort entries when cycling.
28.5.5. 「minibuffer-local-filename-must-match-map」 is not used any more.
Instead, the bindings in minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map are combined with minibuffer-local-must-match-map.
28.5.6. New variable completing-read-function allows overriding the
behavior of completing-read
.
28.6. glyphless-char-display can now distinguish between graphical and
text terminal display, via a char-table entry that is a cons cell.
28.7. pre-command-hook/post-command-hook are not reset to nil on error.
Instead, the offending function is removed.
28.8. New hook types
28.8.1. New function run-hook-wrapped
for running an abnormal hook by
passing the hook functions as arguments to a "wrapping" function.
Like run-hook-with-args-until-success
, it stops at the first
non-nil return value.
28.8.2. New macro with-wrapper-hook
for running an abnormal hook as a
set of "wrapping" filters, similar to around advice. (A version of this macro was actually added in Emacs 23.2 but was not advertised at the time.)
28.9. Debugger changes
28.9.1. New macro condition-case-unless-debug
.
(This was actually added in Emacs 23.1 as condition-case-no-debug, but not advertised)
28.9.2. The macro with-demoted-errors
.
It was also added in Emacs 23.1, but not advertised.
28.9.3. Variable 「stack-trace-on-error」 removed.
28.9.4. The debugger can now "continue" from an error, which means it will
jump to the error handler as if the debugger had not been invoked instead of jumping all the way to the top-level.
28.9.5. Set debug-on-event to enter the debugger on events like SIGUSR1.
This can be useful when inhibit-quit is set.
28.10. The new function 「server-eval-at」 allows evaluation of Lisp forms on
named Emacs server instances.
28.11. call-process
and call-process-region
allow a '(:file "file")' spec
to redirect STDOUT to a file.
28.12. The function format-time-string
now supports the %N directive,
for higher-resolution time stamps.
28.13. New input reading functions
28.13.1. New function read-char-choice
reads a restricted set of
characters, discarding any inputs not inside the set.
28.14. 「image-library-alist」 is renamed to dynamic-library-alist.
The variable is now used to load all kind of supported dynamic libraries, not just image libraries. The previous name is still available as an obsolete alias.
28.15. Syntax parsing changes
28.15.1. New variable syntax-propertize-function.
This replaces font-lock-syntactic-keywords which is now obsolete.
This allows syntax-table properties to be set independently from font-lock:
just call syntax-propertize
to make sure the text is propertized.
Together with this new variable come a new hook
syntax-propertize-extend-region-functions, as well as two helper functions:
syntax-propertize-via-font-lock
to reuse old font-lock-syntactic-keywords
as-is; and syntax-propertize-rules
which provides a new way to specify
syntactic rules.
28.15.2. Syntax tables support a new "comment style c" additionally to style b.
28.16. New hook post-self-insert-hook, run after self-insert-command
.
28.17. frame-local variables cannot be let-bound any more.
28.18. Major and minor mode changes
28.18.1. set-auto-mode
now respects mode: local variables at the end of files,
as well as those in the -*- line.
28.18.2. prog-mode
is a new major mode from which programming modes
should be derived.
28.18.3. New hook change-major-mode-after-body-hook, run by
run-mode-hooks
just before any other mode hooks.
28.18.4. Enabled globalized minor modes can be disabled in specific major modes.
If the global mode is global-FOO-mode, then run (FOO-mode -1) in the major mode's hook, where FOO-mode toggles the mode on a per-buffer basis.
28.18.5. define-minor-mode
accepts new keywords :variable, :after-hook.
28.19. File-handling changes
28.19.1. delete-file
and delete-directory
now accept optional arg TRASH.
Trashing is performed if TRASH and delete-by-moving-to-trash are both non-nil. Interactively, TRASH defaults to t, unless a prefix argument is supplied (see Trash changes, above).
28.19.2. New file predicates: file-equal-p
, file-in-directory-p
.
28.19.3. New function file-size-human-readable
.
28.20. Tool-bars can display separators.
Tool-bar separators are handled like menu separators in menu-bar maps, i.e. via menu entries of the form '(menu-item "–")'.
28.21. Image API
28.21.1. Animated images support (currently animated gifs only).
28.21.2. 「image-extension-data」 has been renamed to image-metadata
.
The old name is an obsolete alias to the new one.
28.21.3. Image mode can view any image type that ImageMagick supports.
This requires Emacs to be built with ImageMagick support.
- New function 「imagemagick-types」, defined if ImageMagick support
is enabled, returns a list of image file extensions that your ImageMagick installation supports.
- New function
imagemagick-register-types
enables ImageMagick
image types in Image mode and in
create-image
and other helper functions. - New option imagemagick-types-inhibit excludes certain
ImageMagick image types from
imagemagick-register-types
. - With ImageMagick support, there are extra Image mode commands to
resize and rotate images:
image-transform-fit-to-height
,image-transform-fit-to-width
,image-transform-set-rotation
, andimage-transform-set-scale
.
28.22. compose-mail
now accepts an optional 8th arg, RETURN-ACTION, and
passes it to the mail user agent function. This argument specifies an action for returning to the caller after finishing with the mail. For example, this is used by Rmail to optionally delete a mail window.
28.23. XML and HTML parsing
If Emacs is compiled with libxml2 support, there are two new
functions: libxml-parse-html-region
(which parses "real world" HTML)
and libxml-parse-xml-region
(which parses XML). Both return an
Emacs Lisp parse tree.
28.24. Networking and encryption changes
28.24.1. open-network-stream
can now be used to open an encrypted stream.
It now accepts an optional ':type' parameter for initiating a TLS connection, directly or via STARTTLS. To do STARTTLS, additional parameters (':end-of-command', ':success', ':capabilities-command') must also be supplied.
28.24.2. New library gnutls.el.
The new function gnutls-available-p
returns non-nil if Emacs is
built with GnuTLS support. The main entry points are
「open-gnutls-stream」 and 「gnutls-negotiate」. It's easiest to use
these functions through open-network-stream
, because that can
upgrade connections through STARTTLS opportunistically or use plain
SSL, depending on your needs. For debugging, set gnutls-log-level
greater than 0.
28.24.3. New primitive secure-hash
that supports many secure hash algorithms:
md5, sha1, sha2, sha224, sha256, sha384, and sha512. The lisp library sha1.el has been removed. The 'sha1' feature is provided by default.
28.25. Isearch
28.25.1. New hook isearch-update-post-hook that runs in isearch-update
.
28.26. Progress reporters can now "spin".
The MIN-VALUE and MAX-VALUE arguments of make-progress-reporter
can
now be nil, or omitted. This makes a "non-numeric" reporter. Each
time you call progress-reporter-update
on that progress reporter,
with a nil or omitted VALUE argument, the reporter message is
displayed with a "spinning bar".
28.27. New variable revert-buffer-in-progress-p is true while a buffer is
being reverted, even if the buffer has a local revert-buffer-function.
28.28. New variables delayed-warnings-list and delayed-warnings-hook.
If delayed-warnings-list is non-nil, the command loop calls
delayed-warnings-hook after post-command-hook. At present, this
is only used by Emacs on some platforms to display warnings during
startup, which might otherwise not be noticed. This uses the
functions display-delayed-warnings
and collapse-delayed-warnings
.
28.29. rx.el has a new 「group-n」 construct for explicitly numbered groups.
28.30. New function make-composed-keymap
that constructs a new keymap
from multiple input maps. You can use this to make a keymap that inherits from multiple maps, eg: (set-keymap-parent newmap (make-composed-keymap othermap parent))
28.31. New function string-prefix-p
.
(This was actually added in Emacs 23.2 but was not advertised at the time.)
28.32. New reader macro ## that stands for the empty symbol.
This means that the empty symbol can now be read back. Also, #: by itself (when not immediately followed by a possible symbol character) stands for an empty uninterned symbol.
28.33. New math functions 'isnan', 'copysign', 'frexp', 'ldexp'.
28.34. The following functions and variables are obsolete:
28.34.1. 「tooltip-use-echo-area」 is obsolete.
Rather than setting this to t, disable Tooltip mode instead.
28.34.2. buffer-substring-filters is obsolete.
Use filter-buffer-substring-functions instead.
28.34.3. 「byte-compile-disable-print-circle」 is obsolete.
28.34.4. 「deferred-action-list」 and 「deferred-action-function」 are obsolete.
Use post-command-hook instead.
28.34.5. 「font-lock-maximum-size」 is obsolete.
29. Changes in Emacs 24.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
29.1. On MS Windows, Emacs warns when using the obsolete init file _emacs,
and also when HOME is set to C:\ by default.
29.2. New configure.bat options
29.2.1. –enable-checking builds Emacs with extra runtime checks.
29.2.2. –distfiles specifies files to be included in binary distribution.
29.2.3. –without-gnutls disables automatic GnuTLS detection.
29.2.4. –lib for general library linkage, works with the USERLIBS build variable.
29.3. New make target 'dist' to create binary distribution for MS Windows.
29.4. The Lisp function 「w32-default-color-map」 is now obsolete.
(It is only used internally in the Emacs C code.)
29.5. Customize ns-auto-hide-menu-bar to have the menu-bar hidden, but
reappear on mouse-over. (Requires Mac OS X 10.6 or later.)
29.6. On Mac OS X, dragging a file into Emacs visits the file, like on
other platforms, rather than inserting its contents into the buffer.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GNU Emacs. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.