Elisp: google-earth Command

By Xah Lee. Date: 2006-12-30. Last updated: 2011-11-28.

This page shows a example of writing a emacs lisp command that creates a Google Earth KML file of a given location, and creates a link to the file. If you don't know elisp, first take a look at Elisp: Quick Start.

2014-11-06 Note: a new command more suitable today is this: Elisp: Earth Coordinate to Google Map Link

Problem

Write a command make-google-earth. If my cursor is on a line like this:

Las Vegas,-115.1730,36.1027

After Alt+x make-google-earth, the line will become:

<a href="../kml/las_vegas.kml" title="Las Vegas">⊕</a>

And a Google Earth KML file las_vegas.kml will be automatically created, linked by the above.

Detail

I often write travelogs on my website. If i traveled to Las Vegas, then my Las Vegas travelog page will have a link to Google Earth location of Las Vegas. The raw HTML looks like this:

<a href="../kml/las_vegas.kml" title="Las Vegas">⊕</a>

with proper Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), like this:

a[href$=".kml"], a[href$=".kmz"]
{background:url(img/google_earth_link.png)
no-repeat left center;
padding-left:25px;
background-position:left center !important}

It looks like this in a web browser: 🌎

If you move cursor to the link, it will show the title. Clicking on it will open the KML file and launch Google Earth to that location.

Also, i want emacs to automatically create the KML file for me. The KML file content would be like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">
<Placemark>
<name>Las Vegas</name>
<description>
See: http://xahlee.org/Periodic_dosage_dir/las_vegas/20031020_vegas.html
</description>
<Point><coordinates>-115.1730,36.1027</coordinates></Point>
</Placemark>
</kml>

In the <description> tag, it contains the URL of my web page that links to this KML file. So that in Google Earth, user can easily get back to my travelog page.

In summary, given a location name and its earth coordinates, i want emacs to automatically create a KML file, and a link to the KML file.

Solution

First, we write a documentation for the function so that we know precisely what we want.

(defun make-google-earth ()
"Create a KML file and replace the current line as a link to it.

The current line must have data of this format:
‹title›,‹longitude›,‹latitude›

Example:
Las Vegas,-115.1730,36.1027

The line will be replaced to like this:
<a href=\"…/las_vegas.kml\" title=\"Las Vegas\">⊕</a>

The KML file will be created at:
 ~/web/xahlee_org/kml/‹title›.kml"
)

Here are the major steps we need to do.

Grab the current line, parse it, and get the main data of {title, longitude, latitude}. Set them to variables.
Write a function that creates KML file, taking {title, longitude, latitude} as input. Call this function to create the KML file.
Delete the current line then insert the link to the newly created KML file.

To grab the current line and set it to variables, we can easily do like this:

(setq p1 (line-beginning-position))
  (setq p2 (line-end-position))
  (setq inputStr (buffer-substring-no-properties p1 p2 ))

  (setq titleCoordList (split-string inputStr ","))

  (setq title (elt titleCoordList 0))
  (setq coord-x (elt titleCoordList 1))
  (setq coord-y (elt titleCoordList 2))

Once we got the data, we can delete the line, like this:

(delete-region p1 p2)

For inserting the link, we can write it like this:

(defun insert-google-earth-link (&optional title filePath)
  "Insert a HTML markup for link to a local Goole Earth file.
 TITLE is the title attribute in the anchor link.
 FILE-PATH is the path to the KML file.
Here's a sample inserted text:
<a href=\"../kml/las_vegas.kmz\" title=\"Las Vegas\">⊕</a>"
  (interactive)
  (when (not title) (setq title "x") )
  (when (not filePath) (setq filePath "x") )
  (insert (format "<a href=\"%s\" title=\"%s\">⊕</a>\n"  filePath title))
  )

To create a KML file, we can call find-file, then just insert a template text. Like this:

(find-file kmlFilePath)
(insert-kml title coord-x coord-y sourceFilePath)

The insert-kml can be written like this:

(defun insert-kml (&optional title longitude-lattitude SourceFilePath)
  "Insert a simple Google Earth KML markup template.
 TITLE is the name to use for the <name> tag.
longitude-lattitude is a vector [longitude lattitude]. They must be real numbers.
 SOURCEFILEPATH is the file that links to this kml file,
used in the <description> tag."
  (interactive)
  (let (coord-x coord-y)
    (when (not title) (setq title "x"))
    (if longitude-lattitude
        (progn
          (setq coord-x (elt longitude-lattitude 0))
          (setq coord-y (elt longitude-lattitude 1))
          )
      (progn
        (setq coord-x 0)
        (setq coord-y 0) ) )

    (insert "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>
<kml xmlns=\"http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2\">
<Placemark>
<name>" title "</name>
<description>

See: http://xahlee.org/"
(when sourceFilePath (file-relative-name sourceFilePath "~/web/xahlee_org/" ))
"
</description>
<Point><coordinates>" (number-to-string coord-x) "," (number-to-string coord-y) "</coordinates></Point>
</Placemark>
</kml>\n")))

Complete Code

Here's the final make-google-earth code:

(defun make-google-earth ()
"Create a KML file and replace the current line as a link to it.

The current line must have data of this format:
‹title›,‹longitude›,‹latitude›

Example:
Las Vegas,-115.1730,36.1027

The line will be replaced to like this:
<a href=\"…/las_vegas.kml\" title=\"Las Vegas\">⊕</a>

The KML file will be created at:
 ~/web/xahlee_org/kml/‹title›.kml"
(interactive)
(let (
      title coord-x coord-y
      inputStr titleCoordList
      kmlFilePath kmlDirRoot
      sourceFilePath doit-p
      p1 p2
      )
  (setq p1 (line-beginning-position))
  (setq p2 (line-end-position))
  (setq inputStr (buffer-substring-no-properties p1 p2 ))

  (setq kmlDirRoot "~/web/xahlee_org/kml/")
  (setq titleCoordList (split-string inputStr ","))
  (setq title (elt titleCoordList 0))
  (setq coord-x (replace-regexp-in-string "°" "" (elt titleCoordList 1)))
  (setq coord-y (replace-regexp-in-string "°" "" (elt titleCoordList 2)))
  (setq sourceFilePath buffer-file-name)
  (setq kmlFilePath (concat (file-relative-name kmlDirRoot ) (replace-regexp-in-string " " "_" title) ".kml"))

  (setq doit-p t)
  (when (file-exists-p kmlFilePath)
    (setq doit-p nil)
    (setq doit-p (y-or-n-p (format "File exist at %s\nDo you want to replace it?" kmlFilePath)))
    )

  (when doit-p
    (delete-region p1 p2)
    ;; (insert-google-map-link title (vector (string-to-number coord-x) (string-to-number coord-y)))
    (insert-google-earth-link title kmlFilePath)
    (find-file kmlFilePath)
    (erase-buffer)
    (insert-kml title (vector (string-to-number coord-x) (string-to-number coord-y)) sourceFilePath)
    (search-backward "<description>") (forward-char 14)
    (nxml-mode)
    (save-buffer)
    )
  ))

So now, we have a command that we can assign to a hotkey 〔see Emacs Keys: Define Key〕 . Then, pressing a key, it saves us a few hundreds of tedious error-prone keystrokes and file managing process.

Emacs is fantastic.

insert-google-map-link

Note that in the above there's a line insert-google-map-link. Sometimes you don't want Google Earth, but a link to Google Maps. This is very convenient for most people, because they may not have Google Earth installed. Here's insert-google-map-link code:

(defun insert-google-map-link (&optional title longitude-lattitude)
  "Insert HTML link to Google Map.

Takes 2 optional parameters: title and [longitude lattitude]

The longitude must be a decimal number. Positive signifies east, negative signifies west.
Similar for lattitude.

Example of inserted text:
 <a href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?q=25.269536%2C82.990723\" title=\"Petrified Forest National Park\">✈</a>"
  (interactive)
  (let ( xtitle coordy coordx)
    (setq xtitle (if title title ""))
    (if longitude-lattitude
        (progn
          (setq coordx (elt longitude-lattitude 0))
          (setq coordy (elt longitude-lattitude 1))
          )
      (progn
        (setq coordx "coordx")
        (setq coordy "coordy") ) )
    (insert "<a href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?q=" (number-to-string coordy) "%2C" (number-to-string coordx) "\" title=\"" xtitle "\">✈</a>\n")))

The weird ξ you see in my elisp code is Greek x. I use Unicode char in symbol name for easy distinction from builtin symbols. You can just ignore it. 〔see Variable Naming: English Words Considered Harmful〕