JS: Number Object

Number is the value of the property key "Number" of the global object. [JS: the Global Object]

console.log( window["Number"] === Number ); // true

Type

Number is a function.

[see JS: Value Types]

// type of Number
console.log ( typeof Number === "function" ); // true

Parent

Parent of Number is Function.prototype. [see JS: Prototype and Inheritance]

// parent of Number
console.log ( Object.getPrototypeOf ( Number ) === Function.prototype ); // true

Purpose

Purpose of Number is:

1. Implicitly called by JavaScript to work on number type values. e.g. toString. (by first converting a number primitive value to a number object then call toString.)
2. Has useful value properties (constants, such as Number.MAX_VALUE) and function properties.
3. Has the property key "prototype" that is the parent object of number object. It has properties such as toFixed.

Number Primitive and Number Object

Numbers in JavaScript are primitive values. That is, the type of a number is number, not object.

[see JS: Value Types]

Number primitive include special literal expression NaN and Infinity.

[see JS: NaN]

[see JS: Infinity]

You can convert a primitive number type to a number object type by new Number(num).

Number Constructor

[see JS: Number Constructor]

Properties

Function Properties

1. Number.parseInt
2. Number.parseFloat
3. Number.isFinite
4. Number.isInteger
5. Number.isNaN
6. Number.isSafeInteger

Value Properties

1. Number.prototype
2. Number.NaN
3. Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
4. Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
5. Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER
6. Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
7. Number.EPSILON
8. Number.MIN_VALUE
9. Number.MAX_VALUE

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Number.NaN

Same as NaN.

console.log ( Number.isNaN ( Number.NaN ) ); // true

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number.nan

Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY

Same as -Infinity.

console.log ( Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY === -Infinity ); // true

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number.negative_infinity

Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY

Same as +Infinity.

console.log ( Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY === Infinity ); // true

Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER

The value of Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER is -9007199254740991 (-(2^53-1)).

It's the smallest integer n such that n and n - 1 are both exactly representable as a Number value.

console.log(
    Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER
); // -9007199254740991

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number.min_safe_integer

Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER

The value of Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER is 9007199254740991. That is, (2^53 - 1).

It's the largest integer n such that n and n + 1 are both exactly representable as a Number value.

console.log(
    Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
); // 9007199254740991

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number.max_safe_integer

Number.EPSILON

The value of Number.EPSILON is the difference between 1 and the smallest value greater than 1 that is representable as a Number value, which is approximately 2.2204460492503130808472633361816 x 10^(-16).

console.log(
    Number.EPSILON
); // 2.220446049250313e-16

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number.epsilon

Number.MIN_VALUE

The value of Number.MIN_VALUE is the smallest positive value of the Number type, which is approximately 5 × 10^(-324).

In the IEEE 754-2008 double precision binary representation, the smallest possible value is a denormalized number. If an implementation does not support denormalized values, the value of Number.MIN_VALUE must be the smallest non-zero positive value that can actually be represented by the implementation.

console.log(
    Number.MIN_VALUE
); // 5e-324

// that's 5 * 10^(-324)

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number.min_value

Number.MAX_VALUE

The value of Number.MAX_VALUE is the largest positive finite value of the Number type, which is approximately 1.7976931348623157 × 10^308.

console.log (
    Number.MAX_VALUE
 ); // 1.7976931348623157e+308

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number.max_value

Reference

ECMAScript® 2016 Language Specification#sec-number-objects