LINC keyboard. 1962

By Xah Lee. Date: . Last updated: .

LINC keyboard

LINC keyboard jhT65
LINC keyboard jhT65 [image source https://i.imgur.com/v7yXcau.jpeg]
LINC keyboard 2025-10-14 2a13e
LINC keyboard 2025-10-14 2a13e
LINC Computer 5900038265
LINC Computer 5900038265 ใ€”image source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LINC_Computer_(5900038265).jpgใ€•

2025-10-11 thanks to Lars Brinkhoff (his git home page https://github.com/larsbrinkhoff) for telling me about LINC keyboard and its meta key.

Email from Lars Brinkhoff

2025-07-05 from Lars Brinkhoff (his git home page https://github.com/larsbrinkhoff)

Hello,

  • We have previously corresponded about Lispm and Knight keyboards, and the history of the META key.
  • I have put forward the theory that Les Earnest invented the meta key, and put it on the SAIL keyboard around 1970.
  • However, now I have encountered an even earlier meta key: the one on the LINC keyboard.
  • I'm sending you a link to a photo of the keyboard, and a 1963 manual that describes the use of the meta key.
  • It's not a modifier key, but starts a command.
  • Arguably this is similar to the IMSSS and TV-Edit "edit" key, which was close in time and space to the SAIL keyboard.

What is the META key on LINC used for?

  • Second, good question; it's highly relevant.
  • The LINC key is *not* a modifier at all.
  • In fact, the keyboard has no modifiers in the modern sense since it can only handle one key struck at a time.
  • The keyboard actually physically locks a key in the down state until the keyboard has read it.
  • The way to type an uppercase symbol, is to first type CASE (and then release it), and then type the other key.
  • META is the uppercase of EOL.
  • EOL is end-of-line, or Newline/Enter/(Carriage) return.
  • To to type META, you press CASE and then EOL.
  • META is for entering a meta command.
  • In Emacs terms, it's the same as M-x!
  • e.g. META SM is Save Manuscript (save text file.) META CV is ConVert (assemble source code into binary.) META SB is Save Binary (save executable program code).
  • META LO is LOad binary (and run it.) META DX is Display indeX (list files on tape.) There are more, but you get the gist.

history of meta key