Linux: Compression How-to: tar gzip bzip2 xz 7zip rar zip

This page shows you how to decompress or compress file or directory in Linux.

tar archive (.tar)

“tar” is unix standard for archiving a folder. Tar makes a directory into a single file. Tar does not compress.

• To archive a folder, do: tar cvf new name.tar dirname
• To unarchive, do: tar xvf filename

Here's what the option means:

• x → eXtract
• v → verbose, meaning print out status.
• f → file.
• c → create.

“tar” can untar and decompress in one step:

• To tar and compress with gzip: tar xvfz filename
• To tar and compress with bz2: tar xvfj filename
• To tar and compress with xz: tar xvfJ filename

gzip compression (.gz)

gzip is unix standard for compressing a single file. gzip is often used together with tar.

• To compress: gzip filename
• Decompress: gzip -d filename or gunzip filename

bzip2 compression (.bz2)

Alternative to gzip, for compressing a single file. File size smaller than gzip.

• To compress: bzip2 filename
• Decompress: bzip2 -d filename

xz compression (.xz)

Alternative to gzip, for compressing a single file. File size smaller than bzip2. xz is derived from 7-zip.

• To compress: xz filename
• Decompress: unxz filename or xz -d filename

zip archive (.zip)

ZIP (file format) is for archiving and compressing a folder or single file. Originally from Microsoft Windows world.

• To create archive: zip -r new name.zip dirname
• To extract: unzip filename

7-zip archive (.7z)

7-zip is for archiving and compressing a folder (similar to zip). Originally from Microsoft Windows world. Compresses the best.

The 7z util can decompress many formats.

• To create archive: 7z a -t7z new name.7z dirname
• To extract: 7z e filename

rar archive (.rar .rev .r00 .r01 .r02 …)

RAR (file format) is proprietary, from Windows world. Often used for pirated videos. File extension: {.rar .rev .r00 .r01 .r02 …}.

• To extract rar files, use 7z e filename.

Compression File Size Comparison

• emacs-24.2.tar.gz 49M
• emacs-24.2.tar.bz2 40M
• emacs-24.2.tar.xz 33M