Unicode: BOM, Byte Order Mark

What is Byte Order Mark

Byte Order Mark (BOM, U+FEFF) is a character in Unicode.

• Unicode Character Name: ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE
• old-name: BYTE ORDER MARK
• Codepoint: 65279
• Codepoint in hexadecimal: FEFF
• UTF-8 Encoding: EF BB BF
• UTF-16 Encoding: FEFF

Purpose of Byte Order Mark

The BOM character is a invisible character, designed to be placed at the beginning of file, optionally, for 2 purposes:

• To indicate that this file is encoded in Unicode. (known as Unicode Signature)
• To indicate the byte-order of the file. [see Unicode: Byte Order (Endianness)]

BOM and UTF-8

• BOM is not needed for files encoded with UTF-8, since the smallest unit of UTF-8 encoding is a byte, so doesn't have the byte-order issue.
• UTF-8 is easy to detect due to the byte pattern, so no need Unicode Signature neither
• When used in UTF-8, it just give a indication that the file is encoded with Unicode encoding.
• Adding BOM makes the file incompatible with ASCII.
• In unix-like Operating systems, BOM inteferes with the unix shebang line hack.

ZERO-WIDTH NO-BREAKING SPACE vs WORD JOINER

The BOM char's use as a zero-width no-breaking space is deprecated since Unicode 3.2 (published in 2002). That char's semantic is now for BOM only. “U+2060” (WORD JOINER) is now used for non-breaking space.