JS: const Declaration

const Declaration

const is for declaring constants. It's similar to let Declaration, except you can't change its value once set.

const name = val;

declare and assign.

/* variable declared with const cannot be changed */
const x = 3;
x = 4;
/* TypeError: Assignment to constant variable. */

const name1 = val1, name2 = val2, etc;

declare and assign multiple constants, separated by comma.

const Must Have a Value When Declared

const must have a value when declared.

/* const must have a value */
const x;
x = 3;

/*
error: Uncaught SyntaxError: Missing initializer in const declaration
const x;

SyntaxError: Missing initializer in const declaration
 */

Constant of Array

if a Array value is declared constant, the array itself can still change. Because the value is a reference to the object and changing element or length does not change the reference.

const xx = [];
xx.push(1);
console.log(xx); // [ 1 ]

Constant of Object

If a Object value is declared const, you can still add/delete/change properties of the object. Because the value is a reference to the object, and that does not change when you change properties.

/* if object is declared constant, the object properties can still be modified */
const jj = {};
jj.aa = 3;
console.log(jj);
// { aa: 3}

No Name Hoisting

The const doesn't have name hoisting as var does. That means, you can't use the name before its const declaration.

〔see var Declaration Order (Name Hoisting)〕