Emacs: What is Mode Line (status bar)

Mode Line Display Meaning

• You can hover mouse over the mode line part to show tooltips on what it means.
• You can mouse click the mode line part to do something useful, typically cycle alternative states.

File Encoding and Newline Convention

The first character indicates encoding. U means Unicode. Alt+x list-coding-systems to see a full list and explanation.

Sample:

• U(Unix) → Unicode encoding with unix newline
• U(Dos) → Unicode encoding with Microsoft Windows newline
• U\ → Unicode encoding with Microsoft Windows newline when on Windows.
• U(Mac) → Unicode encoding with Classic Mac OS newline (1990s)

• Emacs: File Encoding
• Emacs: Newline Convention CR LF

Modified Status

This is 3 characters.

Sample:

• --- → file not changed
• **- → file is modified
• %%- → read only
• %*- → read only and modified

If the last character is @, the file is on a remote machine.

Buffer Name

If the buffer is a file, it usually is the file name

Clicking on it switches buffer.

Position

Sample:

• ALL → all content are shown.
• Top → cursor is at the top of buffer
• nn% → cursor is at nn percent of buffer
• Bot → cursor is at the bottom of buffer

• L27 → at line 27

If you have column-number-mode on:

• (27,4) → at line 27, column 4

(major minor)

shows the current Major Mode and few Minor Mode and or possibly some other info.

Sample:

in recursive edit

if the (major minor) part is bracketed by square brackets, example:

[(major minor)]

It means you are in recursive edit.

Recursive Edit means you are calling a command before another command has finished. This often happens when you are coding elisp and there are errors and debugger is entered. Recursive Edit can be nested many times. Each level of recursive edit adds a square bracket.

To exit Recursive Edit:

• 【Ctrl+Meta+Ctrl 】 exit-recursive-edit → exit the current level.
• 【Ctrl+]】 abort-recursive-edit → exit all.