Xah Math Blog
Update Highlights
Stephen Wolfram's articles, usually take several days full time to really dig thru. if u want to verify results to explore findings, take months or year.
TrochoidPlot, code coming to github.
xtodoConway Topograph
working on updating 30 years old WolframLang code that generates animation.
Ruled Surface, Mathematica Notes
new edition
now on github
Geometry: Transformation of the Planenow on github. updated 26-years-old code. still in heavy work. but putting on github now.
some random notes on mathematicians
some random notes
one of the great mathematician, vladimir arnold
xtodo waiting for id
finally, published my PlaneCurvePlot to Wolfram Function Repository! this is updating a 30 years old package. After a week of remake. (was called ParaPlot.)
Yutaka Taniyama
one great mathematician Yutaka Taniyama, killed himself suicide.
Wolfram Language Plain Tiling Doc Draft
- 〔A Class of Models with the Potential to Represent Fundamental Physics; The Updating Process for String Substitution Systems By Stephen Wolfram. At https://www.wolframphysics.org/technical-introduction/the-updating-process-for-string-substitution-systems/〕
lots random reading notes
random list of great mathematicians
major update.
Carl Friedrich Gauss's Wives
〔Remembering Doug Lenat (1950–2023) and His Quest to Capture the World with Logic By Stephen Wolfram. At https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/09/remembering-doug-lenat-1950-2023-and-his-quest-to-capture-the-world-with-logic/〕
〔Untangling the Tale of Ada Lovelace By Stephen Wolfram. At https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2015/12/untangling-the-tale-of-ada-lovelace/〕
Penrose Tiling Deformation
- https://www.youtube.com/embed/_zuAg9oNifw
- Computational General Relativity: Live with Jonathan Gorard
- Wolfram
- Streamed live on May 25, 2023
here's WolframLang code, in plain text, rarely seen, as opposed to in notebook rendered math formula form. https://github.com/JonathanGorard/Gravitas
this allows you to do the unix tradition line-based diff and git version control. (big brain damage inherited from C and unix.)
but looking at it, i imagine it's auto generated from notebook. Writing math code in Mathematica notebook is just too feature rich and useful instead of coding it in plain text editor.
Cleo Integrals in the Math StackExchange
Stereographic Projectionspectacular article.
〔How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics By Stephen Wolfram. At https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/01/how-did-we-get-here-the-tangled-history-of-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics/〕
Geometric Inversion, WolframLang CodeHomotopy Type Theory, Steve Awodey and Michael Warren
xtodo to watch
- https://www.youtube.com/embed/-lZTnEgbVvI
- A visual introduction to the Hopf fibration
- OnePlusOneSpace
- Nov 9, 2022
cleaned up my old blogs, and made some into independent pages.
Algorithmic Mathematical ArtThe gist here is to distill a math art into its algorithmic essence. By recursion or some encoding (such as math equation)
- lots updates and reorg Xah Math
Geometric Pattern on Sphere and Torus
Doyle Spiral and Mobius Transformation
Skew Dice But Fair
Knit Brain Hat
Abacus
Math Art: Fractal Gears Clockwork
Toroidal Earth Map
Reading Notes on Tilings and Patterns
Magic Polyhedronswow, finally i understood something that bugged me for 10+ years: why is that whenever i read about category theory, there is never clear/formal definition.
Space-Filling Curve
uniform honeycomb- xtodo 2021-08-09 read Inversive geometry
- xtodo work on Math Graphics Gallery
- Coordinate Transformation
- Plane Curves Books
- Unicode: Math Font ℤ
- Unicode: Math Symbols π² ∞ ∫
- Unicode Symbol for “e.g.” (exempli gratia)
- HTML Entity List
- Schmidt Arrangement, Algebra Integer, Gaussian Integer, Eisenstein Integer, Modular Group
- Complex Inversion
- Mobius Transformations
- Geometric Transformation on the Plane
- Helicoid-Catenoid
- Mathematical Simulation Ideas
Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms by David J C MacKay
Axiomatization of the Computational Universe
Spectacular. First, read this 〔The Empirical Metamathematics of Euclid and Beyond By Stephen Wolfram. At https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/09/the-empirical-metamathematics-of-euclid-and-beyond/〕 then
then watch
Streamed live on Feb 16, 2021
Wolfram
〔After 100 Years, Can We Finally Crack Post's Problem of Tag? A Story of Computational Irreducibility, and More By Stephen Wolfram. At https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2021/03/after-100-years-can-we-finally-crack-posts-problem-of-tag-a-story-of-computational-irreducibility-and-more/〕
The article looks at Emil Post's tag system, essentially concludes that it's like cellular automata or 3n+1 problem, and the view that most things are simply computation. (plus lots math nuggets and short bio of Emil)
Great Math Board Game Software updated
Freed Go. This guy now works for tesla. Amazing. When you compile math programs, since 1997, over the years i update them, and discover where these people went.
parametric cartoon curve
Great Software For 2D Visualization of Geometry
Software to Visualize 3D Geometry
Best Graphing Calculatorthis is spectacular. Stephen Wolfram's personal stories of the greatest mathematicians, physicists, technologists of past 100 years
- https://www.youtube.com/embed/H63LuAtRs4g
- History of Science and Technology Q and A (Jan. 27, 2021)
- by Wolfram
〔Who Was Ramanujan? By Stephen Wolfram. At https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2016/04/who-was-ramanujan/〕
〔Droste Effect with Mathematica By Jon Mcloone. At http://blog.wolfram.com/2009/04/24/droste-effect-with-mathematica/〕
〔The 2011 Mathematica One-Liner Competition By Christopher Carlson. At http://blog.wolfram.com/2011/12/01/the-2011-mathematica-one-liner-competition/〕
parquet transform tiling. old links.
Go Board Game as Cellular AutomataWhat Is Perspective Drawing
repost
https://twitter.com/EyePoppingFact/status/1292467149705904139
some random page, minor edit
linear programing
Learned linear programing back in 1992 in college. Never encountered it since. But, about 2 years ago, when i was thinking about finding the optimal keyboard shortcut layout, it hit me, the problem is linear programing.
random article
Great Software for Cellular Automatagood math book. What Is Mathematics? by Herbert Robbins , Richard Courant Buy at amazon
Math Mysticism: is Hurricane Shape a Fibonaci Spiral?
Fibonaci is one of the undying myth in math.
Great Software for Dynamical Systems
- https://youtu.be/O45LaFsaqMA
- What if Current Foundations of Mathematics are Inconsistent? | Vladimir Voevodsky
Fluid Simulation, added to Great Software for Cellular Automata
is there a name for a function that's dot product of more than 2 n-dimensional vectors?
for example , 3 vectors of 2D, it would be:
([a1,a2] , [b1,b2], [c1,c2] ) → (a1 * b1 * c1 + a2 * b2 * c2)
Visualizing Quaternions
Geometer's Sketchpad, WebSketch
WebSketch, seems to be a new version of the Geometer's Sketchpad. http://geometricfunctions.org/fc/tools/
there are lots of them in past 10 years. see
Town of the Great Math Hermit Alexander Grothendieck
Notes on the Riemann Hypothesis by Ricardo Pérez-Marco
Notes on the Riemann Hypothesis by Ricardo Pérez-Marco
1707.01770.pdf
via
https://twitter.com/johncarlosbaez/status/1164016020425543681
Octonions
〔The Octonions By John C Baez. At http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/octonions.html〕 (Published in Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 39 (2002), 145-205. Errata in Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 (2005), 213.)
pop cult of Feynman
God so many programer nerds are into Richard Feynman. I despise that guy, for no reason. it's like, any joe will shout Einstein when science is the topic. ok, Feynman is like top 10 physicist. but am not interested in physics. and whatever Feynman's math i have no interest.
i despise physicist. Whenever there is good piece of math, physicists ruin it.
#math John Milnor , big mathematician. one of his book is Topology from the Differential Point of View, 1965, John W Milnor
impredicative
Something that is impredicative, in mathematics, logic and philosophy of mathematics, is a self-referencing definition. Roughly speaking, a definition is impredicative if it invokes (mentions or quantifies over) the set being defined, or (more commonly) another set that contains the thing being defined. There is no generally accepted precise definition of what it means to be predicative or impredicative. Authors have given different but related definitions.
The opposite of impredicativity is predicativity, which essentially entails building stratified (or ramified) theories where quantification over lower levels results in variables of some new type, distinguished from the lower types that the variable ranges over. A prototypical example is intuitionistic type theory, which retains ramification so as to discard impredicativity.
Russell's paradox is a famous example of an impredicative construction—namely the set of all sets that do not contain themselves. The paradox is that such a set cannot exist: If it would exist, the question could be asked whether it contains itself or not — if it does then by definition it should not, and if it does not then by definition it should.
The greatest lower bound of a set X, glb(X), also has an impredicative definition: y = glb(X) if and only if for all elements x of X, y is less than or equal to x, and any z less than or equal to all elements of X is less than or equal to y. This definition quantifies over the set (potentially infinite, depending on the order in question) whose members are the lower bounds of X, one of which being the glb itself. Hence predicativism would reject this definition.[1]
2019-08-09 from Predicativism
am surprised, that the definition of infimum (or, e.g. shortest person in a room) is impredicative. and seems there is no predicative definition of them. and this seems to reduce the power of type theory drastically.
omniscience of math
god, please grand me omniscience of math.
while riding bike to pay rent yesterday, i thought about what'd happen if am omniscience of math. First, there are 6 Clay math price, each $1M reward. but as math omniscient, $6 millions is like 6 pennies on a dirty street.
with math omniscience, you now know the secret that's worth more than entire Google ($136 billion revenue in 2018). And you can break any secret message of any nation. Whatever US military spends in research in a decade, your knowledge is worth greater than that per second.
math omniscience also means, you are now the greatest mathematician. What you know is more than all mathematicians combined, dead or alive, infinitely times more. Quantum mechanics, cosmology. You KNOW the mysteries of the universe.
Math omniscience in a man. This is when, i wonder, if catastrophe might happen. You are now inhuman. You may no longer desire to eat.
stability of minimal surface
this is amazing! read the thread, by Daniel Piker: https://twitter.com/KangarooPhysics/status/1136306166349357058
that's amazing cuz it shows many popular minimal surfaces in math are not stable. I think it's rarely talked about. And he created a software that simulate soap film minimizing surface area.
And his blog is spectacular ( https://spacesymmetrystructure.wordpress.com ) i've known since 2011.
i think the stability issue is studied in stability theory, while minimal surfaces are differential geometry. These 2 are separate branches. Typically not studied together or at all both. Thus when we learn about minimal surfaces and soap film, talking about stability distracts.
a #geometry question i had for long. Given a bunch of points (that forms a surface), what's the (efficient) algorithm to triangulate them? any name i can search for?
answer: ball-pivoting algorithm. (thx to Daniel Piker)
readings about real number
Mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre
truly despise the jargon injection surjection, created by Bourbaki
shape of space
if you want to understand this http://www.espaces-imaginaires.fr/works/ExpoEspacesImaginaires2.html there's a great book
applied group theory. 🤩
Riemann Zeta Functionmath. Field GF(4)
one of the smallest non-trivial field
Braid Group
Knitting, Chinese Knots, Braid Theorycable knitting. Such intricacy, weave within weave.
was wondering if John C. Baez
https://twitter.com/johncarlosbaez
has written about math aspect of weaving. Searching braid theory baez, indeed!
Loop braid group
See also:
todo. read http://www.malinc.se/noneuclidean/en/poincaretiling.php
Great Software For 2D Visualization of Geometry
new app added
A Course In Universal Algebra, Burris, Sankappanavar
added a new text book. graduate level.
3 books i love. Now each on its own page.
Graph Theory Book
Visual Complex Analysis by Tristan Needham
Groups and Their Graphs by Israel Grossman and Wilhelm Magnus
Roller Coaster Calculus
Math, Algebra: on the Phraseology of X Over K, and What's Group Theory?
the supreme mystery of the universe, is math. note, not physics, quantum or blackhole crap.
u can write scifi about blackhole or quantum physics stuff, but u cant for math.
been slacking in the math department. Going to pick up again. Each day, i spend 1 hour reading math, and post whatever. Today, let's learn about “smooth map”.
this is logic, part of proof theory. this is what intent to learn in next 5 years, as opposed to category theory. (i got asked about the latter often, from programer idiots)
[ twitter johncarlosbaez ] https://twitter.com/johncarlosbaez/status/1122976661132021760
Tennenbaum's theorem is a result in mathematical logic that states that no countable nonstandard model of first-order Peano arithmetic (PA) can be recursive (Kaye 1991:153ff).
In mathematical logic, the compactness theorem states that a set of first-order sentences has a model if and only if every finite subset of it has a model. This theorem is an important tool in model theory, as it provides a useful method for constructing models of any set of sentences that is finitely consistent.
Finite model theory (FMT) is a subarea of model theory (MT). MT is the branch of mathematical logic which deals with the relation between a formal language (syntax) and its interpretations (semantics). FMT is a restriction of MT to interpretations on finite structures, which have a finite universe.
An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation. The general study of interpretations of formal languages is called formal semantics.
The most commonly studied formal logics are propositional logic, predicate logic and their modal analogs, and for these there are standard ways of presenting an interpretation. In these contexts an interpretation is a function that provides the extension of symbols and strings of symbols of an object language. For example, an interpretation function could take the predicate T (for “tall”) and assign it the extension {a} (for “Abraham Lincoln”). Note that all our interpretation does is assign the extension {a} to the non-logical constant T, and does not make a claim about whether T is to stand for tall and ‘a’ for Abraham Lincoln. Nor does logical interpretation have anything to say about logical connectives like ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘not'. Though we may take these symbols to stand for certain things or concepts, this is not determined by the interpretation function.
An interpretation often (but not always) provides a way to determine the truth values of sentences in a language. If a given interpretation assigns the value True to a sentence or theory, the interpretation is called a model of that sentence or theory.
In mathematical logic, Lindström's theorem (named after Swedish logician Per Lindström, who published it in 1969) states that first-order logic is the strongest logic[1] (satisfying certain conditions, e.g. closure under classical negation) having both the (countable) compactness property and the (downward) Löwenheim–Skolem property.[2]
these shapes form hex stars. #geometry https://twitter.com/CGTNOfficial/status/1115445476537450496
〔Too good to be Truchet By Colin Beveridge. At http://chalkdustmagazine.com/features/too-good-to-be-truchet/〕
〔Truchet By Cameron Browne. At http://cambolbro.com/games/truchet/〕
〔Truchet, Braille and Euler By Peter Rowlett. At https://aperiodical.com/2010/02/truchet-braille-and-euler/〕
todo
Math and Illustrations
- Algorithmic Mathematical Art
- Art of M C Escher
- Escher Chameleon Polyhedron
- What is Technical Drawing, Descriptive Geometry, Projective Geometry, Linear Algebra
- Outline Rendering of 3D Models
- Autostereogram
- Visual Illusions
- Projective Illusion
- What Is Perspective Drawing
- Illustrating Geometry with POV-Ray
Geometric algebra
todo read
〔Let's remove Quaternions from every 3D Engine (An Interactive Introduction to Rotors from Geometric Algebra) By Marc Ten Bosch. At http://marctenbosch.com/quaternions/〕
i no unstand.
help:
〔Linear and Geometric Algebra By Alan Macdonald. At Buy at amazon〕
https://enkimute.github.io/ganja.js/examples/coffeeshop.html
〔Geometric Algebra for Computer Science By Leo Dorst , Daniel Fontijne , Stephen Mann. At Buy at amazon〕
some old articles.
- Mandelbrot Set Explained (no complex number needed)
- How Computing Science created a new mathematical style By Edsger W. Dykstra (EWD 1073)
- The TeX Pestilence: Why TeX/LaTeX Sucks
- English/Chinese Math Terminology 中/英 数学术语
- What is the Difference of Russell's Logicism, Hilbert's Formalism, Axiomatic System?
- Math Notation, Computer Language Syntax, and the “Form” in Formalism
- Math Notation, Proof System, Computer Algebra, in One Language
- The Codification of Mathematics
- Math Terminology and Naming of Things
- Mathematical Notation: Past and Future
- Pattern Matching vs Grammar Specification
- A Notation for Plane Geometry
- State of Theorem Proving Systems 2008
- The Problems of Traditional Math Notation
- Notes On Plane Curves and Proofs
- Math Insight: Multiplication and Multiplicative Identity
Hyperboloid of Two Sheet http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/hyperboloid2/hyperboloid2.html
Dirac Belt Trick http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/dirac-belt/DiracBelt.html
annulus, math
differential geometry site
been helping mat professors build differential geometry site.
latest are Soliton Surface and others, see
- http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/hyperbolic_k1_sor/hyperbolic_k1_sor.html
- http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/two-soliton/two-soliton.html
- http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/three-soliton/three-soliton.html
- http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/four-soliton/four-soliton.html
visit the whole gallery at http://virtualmathmuseum.org/index.html
we've been working on it in past year.
See also: Wikipedia
graduate level differential geometry
math Three-Soliton Surface http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/three-soliton/three-soliton.htmlBreather Surface http://VirtualMathMuseum.org/Surface/breather/breather.html
Calculus, Gradient
Derivative and Jacobian Matrix
Jacobian matrix and determinant
#math derivative. if you are rusty with calculus, or programer who never learned it, it's good time to revisit. join my journey. read my daily snippet, and lookup Wikipedia.
Wikipedia is usually chaotic, rambling on and on, touching highschool stuff to research stuff. if calculus is new to you, read textbooks. Here's Free Math Textbooks i verified quality. Free Math Textbooks
#math programers, if u haven't seen Conway's Game of Life yet, look into. it's eye opening. In 1990s, i spent years “playing” it. 1st deep theory you learn: deterministic system can be unpredictable. https://twitter.com/icm7216/status/1080209582041907200